CONTENTS OF THE SET:
Reference to the context and explanation of “Poetry Section” from Papers 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 (Science, Commerce, Arts & Humanities)
Science 2007
Q.1: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following 08
(a) Will no one tell me what she sings?
Note: For reference to the context please see “The Solitary Reaper” on Pager Number 29.
Explanation:
During the poet’s visit to
“Will no one tell me what she sings?”
He realizing that the language is not familiar starts guessing at the theme of the song, as Shelly says:
“Our sweetest songs are those that tell us of our saddest thoughts.”
(Shelly to a Sky Lark)
As the song touches the inner most recesses of his heart he thinks the song remind some tragedy. He thinks that she sings for some tragic events of past or some sorrowful incidents of the past and maybe about the battles the highland people have faced long ago. It may be that it is believed that
(b) Last scene of all that end this
Strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste and everything.
Note: For Reference to the Context, please see “The Seven Ages of Man” on Page Number: 14
Explanation:
The poet in the above lines narrates the seventh and the tragic end of man’s life which starting from a newborn and passing through various different stages finally reaches at its last stage. This age of man’s life is more or less same as that of the second phase of man’s life because at this stage man again behaves like a child. He disobeys what he is asked to do, he cries for what he is not supposed to have or take and he looks for short cuts what might benefit him to accomplish his desires.
At the same time, this stage is the worst of the all stages as man loses all of his senses and strength and his life truly becomes dependant on others. His memory becomes weaken and five senses start malfunctioning and finally he departs from the world leaving behind a story full of events.
Commerce (Regular & Private0 2007
Q.2: Explain with reference to the context any One of the following 08
(a) He patient, but undaunted, where they led him,
Came to the place; and what was set before him,
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Samson Agonistes” on Page Number: 19
(b) And, as I mounted up the hill,
The music in my heart I bore
Long after it was heard no more.
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “The Solitary Reaper” on Page Number: 29
Arts (Regular & Private) 2007
Q.3: Explain with reference to the context any One of the following: 08
(a) Far back through creek and inlets making,
Comes silent, flooding in the main
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Say Not the Struggle Availeth” on Page Number: 27
(c) One equal temper of heroic hearts,
Made weak by time and fate but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find and not to yield
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Ulysses” on Page Number: 31
(c) And, as I mounted up the hill,
The music in my heart I bore
Long after it was heard no more
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “The Solitary Reaper” on Page Number: 29
Science 2006
Q.4: Explain with reference to the context any One of the following: 08
(a) Push off, and sitting well in order smite
The sounding furrows, for my purpose holds
To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths
Of all the western stars, until I die
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Ulysses” on Page Number: 31
Explanation:
In the above extracted lines, Ulysses stresses upon his companions that it is true that they have passed a long way of journey and their age is almost at the its time and the sand of the hour glass is about to run out. But since death is the end of all activities so they should not sit idle but should aim at striving hard.
He urges them that they should get their ships already for a new journey as it is imperative for them to start a new voyage before the inevitable death hour comes. He asks them to support him so that he may achieve target of reaching the people where the world ends and where the sun sets and the western take bath.
(b) Good thoughts his only friends
His wealth a well – spend age,
The earth his sober inn
And quiet pilgrimage.
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “The Man of Life Upright” on Page Number: 16 – 17
Commerce (Regular & Private) 2006
Q.5: Explain with reference to the context any One of the following: 08
(a) Last scene of all that end this strange eventful history
Is second childishness and mere oblivion
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste and sans everything
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “The Seven Ages of Man” on Page Number: 14
Explanation:
The poet in the above lines narrates the seventh and the tragic end of man’s life which starting from a newborn and passing through various different stages finally reaches at its last stage. This age of man’s life is more or less same as that of the second phase of man’s life because at this stage man again behaves like a child. He disobeys what he is asked to do, he cries for what he is not supposed to have or take and he looks for short cuts what might benefit him to accomplish his desires.
At the same time, this stage is the worst of the all stages as man loses all of his senses and strength and his life truly becomes dependant on others. His memory becomes weaken and five senses start malfunctioning and finally he departs from the world leaving behind a story full of events.
(b) Man never Is, but always To be blest
The soul and confined from home,
Rests and expatiates in a life to come.
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “An Essay on Man” on Page Number: 21
Humanities (Regular & Private) 2006
Q.6: Explain with reference to the context any One of the following: 08
(a) Then, the whining school boy with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school.
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “The Seven Ages of Man” on Page Number: 14
Explanation:
In the above lines, the master minded poet depicts the second phase of man’s life in which he plays the role of a school going boy. At this stage, man is admitted to a school, where he is expected to learn from. But at this level, he seems more interested in any thing other school and studies. He goes to school early in the morning with his heavy school bag, hanging on his shoulders and his innocent face glows as if there is morning shine on his face.
But on the other hand he seems not interested in going to school as his speed as low as that of snail. This clearly reflects that he has some other interests which are dominant on academics.
(b) ‘T’ is not to late to seek a newer world
Push off, and sitting well in order smite
The sounding furrows
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Ulysses” on Page Number: 29
Explanation:
In the above lines the poet of nature, William Wordsworth compares the voice of the
The poet says that the voice the girl has so much echo that it can cause to break the silence prevailing on the sea which is around the Hebrides – the group of islands located at the North west coast of
Science & Home Economics 2005
Q.7: Explain with reference to the context any One of the following: 08
(a) If hopes were dupes, fears may be lairs
Your comrades chase, even now the fliers
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Say Not the Struggle Naught Availeth” on Page Number: 27
(b) Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “The Seven Ages of Man” on Page Number: 14
Explanation:
In the above poetic lines, William Shakespeare, describes the fourth stage of man’s life. At this stage of his life, man’s strength and courage is at zenith. He enjoys energetic life with a fearfully quick-tempered nature. He is not contended at what he has and always looks what other have. Since he is quite emotional and warm blooded that is why quarrels are parts of his normal daily life.
He is always be seeker of worldly name and fame, which is short lived, and transient like a bubble which disappears within no time from its appearance. His thrust for getting honour and esteem never quenches and strives his best to gain status. Putting his life at stake for getting something note able is quite easy fro him.
Commerce (Regular & Private) 2005
Q.8: Explain with reference to the context any One of the following: 08
(a) Now, of my own accord such other trial
I mean to show you of my strength, yet grater:
As with amaze shall strike all who behold
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Samson Agonists” on Page Number: 19
Explanation:
In the above lines, the poet describes the final and closing scene of the drama of the great Greek tragedy of Samson. The pagans were thinking that Samson has fully surrendered before them and they had succeeded in destroying not only the physical but also the will power of the great wrestler. They made Samson show the tricks of his strength, which they thought manageable for them. But Samson had some other plans to act. He addresses to all the spectators who had come from every corner of the empire of the pagans including captains, lords, ladies, prominent leaders and religious scholars and priests. He told the people there that they were mistaken about his strength, which was still beyond manageable. And all those who thought him, as a defeated man would now be amazed seeing his strength alive again.
(c) A thing of beauty is a joy for ever;
Its loveliness increases; it will never
Pass into nothingness
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Endymion” on Page Number: 26
Explanation:
The poet, John Keats, was a sensitive man of innocent nature and due his kind and readily believing on people led him to great grievances. Many people exploited his innocence and deceived him a number of times. So, the poet says that the world is full of sorrows and grievances and there is dominance of ill-natures men on the world. The poet consoles the suffering one that despondence in the world is only a testing period.
The poet says that whatever hardships and odd things we experience in the world are there only to test our temperament and belief. As there is always a clear day after a great storm, there are beautiful days following bad ones.
Commerce & Arts (Regular & Private) 2003
Q.15: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following 07
(a) Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel seeking the bubble reputation. Even in the cannon’s mouth.
Note: For reference to the context, please see “The Seven Ages of Man” on Page number: 14
In the above poetic lines, the poet, William Shakespeare, describes he fourth state of man’s life. At this state of his life, man’s strength and courage is at zenith. He enjoys energetic life with a fearfully quick-tempered nature. He is not contended at what he has and always looks what others have. Since he is quite emotional and warm blooded that is why quarrels are parts of his normal daily life.
He is always be-seeker of worldly name and fame, which is short lived, and transient like a bubble, which disappears within no time from its appearance. His thrust for getting honour and esteem never quenches and strives his best to gain status. Putting his life at stake for getting something note able is quite easy for him.
(b) A voice so thrilling never was heard.
In spring time from the cuckoo bird.
Breaking the silence of the sea.
Among the farthest herbrides.
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please are “The Solitary Reaper” on Page Number: 29
Explanation:
The poet says that the voice of the solitary
Cuckoo bird – harbinger of spring – stirs up the emotions and enhances the charm of the season. But the song of the solitary girl was even more stirring. Her voice, according to the poet contained that much echo that it could break the silence prevailed on the sea spread around the Hebrides – a group of islands located at the North – West coast of
Pre-Engineering 2002
Q.16: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following: 08
(a) Good thoughts his only friends.
His wealth a well-spent age
The earth his sober inn
And quiet pilgrimage
Note: For reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “The Man of life Upright” on Page Number: 16-17
(b) Death closes all; but something ere the end
Some work of noble note may yet be done
Not unbecoming men that strove with gods
Note: For reference to the context and explanation, please see “Ulysses” on Page Number: 31
Pre-Medical / Commerce 2002
Q.17: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following 08
(a) And such is the grandeur of the dooms
We have imagined for the mighty dead
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Endymion” on Page Number: 26
(b) To strive, to seek, to find and not to yield
Note: For reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Ulysses” on Page Number: 31
(c) Hopes springs eternal in the human breast
Man never is, but always To be blest
Note: For reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “An Essay on Man” on Page Number: 21
Arts (Regular) 2002
Q.18: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following 07
(a) Hope springs eternal in the human breast
Man never Is, but always To be blest
The soul, uneasy and confined from home,
Rests and expatiates, in a life to come.
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “An Essay on Man” on Page Number: 21
(b) Rose leaves when the rose is dead
Are heaped for the beloved’s bed
And so thy thoughts, when thou ar’t gone
Love itself shall slumber on
Note: For reference to the context and Explanation, please see “Music When Soft Voices Die” on Page Number: 24
Arts (Private) 2002
Q.19: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following: 07
(a) For while the tired waves, vainly breaking
Seem here, no painful inch to gain,
Fart back through creeks and inlets making
Comes silent, flooding in, the main.
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Say Not the Struggle Naught Availeth” on Page Number: 27
(b) Heaven from all creatures hides the book of the
All but the page prescribed, their present state:
From brutes what men, from men what spirits know
Note: For reference to the context and explanation, please see “An Essay on Man” on Page Number: 21
Science 2001
Q.20: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following: 07
(a) Then, the whining school boy, with his satchel and shining
Morning face, creeping like snail unwillingly to snail
Note: For reference to the context and explanation, please see “The Seven Ages of Man” on Page Number: 14
(b) A voice so thrilling never was heard
In spring time from the cuckoo bird
Breaking the silence of the seas
Among the farthest
Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “The Solitary Reaper” on Page Number: 29
THE SEVEN AGES OF MAN
BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
REFERENCE:
The above poetic lines have been adopted from the classical poem “The Seven Ages of Man”, which is actually an extract from Shakespeare’s delightful comedy “As You Like It”.
This master piece of poetry is a moral commentary on life written in an exceptionally exclusive style which is the attribute of Shakespeare.
CONTEXT:
The poem contains an amusing and classical description on human nature and behaviour which reflects shakespeare’s deep awareness of human psychology. The poets makes a comparison between world & stage. He says that world is like a stage, life is like acting & men and women are like actors. He classifies man’s life into seven different ages.
“Every man’s life is a fairy tale, written by God’s fingers.”
(Hans Christen
STANZA # 1:
Full of . . . . . bubble reputation
EXPLANATION:
In the above stanza the poet comments about the fourth stage of man’s life. It is the prime period of man’s age where the graph of his strength is at the optimum level. He plays the role of a young and an ambitious soldier.
The birth of the humans signifies their appearance on the stage of the world & death is their exit and departure from this playhouse. The cycle of man’s life starts form infancy and passing through various ages ends on extreme poet says that the soldier is proud, greedy and short – tempered. He runs after worldly objects like name and fame and honour. He is violent and furious in passions like a wild beast. All the time, he is seen praising himself, showing anger and running after fame.
The poet says that the narrow-minded soldier is always inclined to defeat others and wants self-admiration. Nothing is more important for him except rank, reputation and praise. He seems jealous of others’ success. Never does he seem satisfied & contended with his status and he always aspires for getting more and more.
Stanza # 2
All the world . . . . seven ages
EXPLANATION:
The master-minded poet, William Shakespeare, compares the world and the stage. According to him, the world is like a stage where everyone comes for a brief sojourn, lives, passes his life and ultimately dies. In the same fashion, an actor appears on the stage for a limited period of time, completes his role and finally exits as soon as his role is ended. The poet say that the world is like a stage, men and women are like actors and living in the world resembles acting on the stage. Man’s life cycle is composed of seven different stages and at every stage his character changes and he appears to be unique at every stage. He plays the role of an infant, a school going boy, a lover, a soldier, a justice an old man and an extremely old man. His journey of life starts from infancy where he is extremely weak and dependant on others. But gradually his strength grows stronger and his dependability on others minimizes. At youth he enjoys a prime period where his strength is at Zenith and he is totally independent. At the last stage, he starts behaving like a child and now he is at the mercy of others. He is extremely weak and feeble.
THE MAN OF LIFE UPRIGHT
REFERENCE:
The above stanza has been extracted from the mystic poem, “The Man of Life Upright”. Compiled by an amazingly versatile poet, Thomas Campion.
CONTEXT:
The wheel of this whole religious poem moves around the virtuous person, who strictly leads a very simple and chaste life in this world. The whole poem contains a defailed description and biography of pious fellow, illustrating his cach and every aspect with full lime light. The virtuous fellow during his span of life keeps his deeds directing on the way of God which brings content and immeasurable patience and bravery in his personality that enable him to survive in this mortal world without surrounding against creatures. He enjoys only the company of his guilt free thoughts.
Good company and discourses are the very sinews of virtue” ---
(Izzak Walton)
Lines # 1-4
Explanation:
In these lines we are told that the straightforward man is guiltless and honest. The poet says that the pure and noble heart of this man is clear of evil and cheap thoughts. He is incapable of doing any dishonest thing and he cannot think of greed or vanity. He is honest and truthful and his life is a model of simplicity. He never things himself over great or superior to others. He is always to each and everyone that is why he is always free from even the conception of vanity.
Lines # 5-8
Explanation:
In these lines the poet tells us that an upright man passes his life in such joys as are harmless. He is not deceived by hopes nor is he disappointed with sorrows. As a result, he enjoys peace of mind and real satisfaction. Thus, he is always happy and contended. Loss or sorrow fails to frustrate and disturb him. He does not aim at getting higher positions and having large piles of wealth. He remains steadfast and even and odd circumstances remain unsuccessful to enforce him to surrender.
Lines # 9-12
Explanation:
The poet tells that an upright man is never afraid of anyone. When this man happens to face hardship and distress, he remains calm and patient. His courage and perfect patience show that he has firm and unshaken faith in God. An upright man never indulges in doing anything wrong, he needs no defensive dress to protect himself with as he has no enemy nor does he need a secret place to hide himself when people rise against him in rage.
Lines # 13-16
Explanation:
Here the poet describes the qualities of the character of an up right man. He is very bold and lives a fearless life. He is not afraid of death and enjoys an unflinching faith in God. The man who leads an honest life with a clear conscience is always undaunted by calamities. He can face the natural calamities without showing any sign of fear in the eyes. The period in which the poet the poet this poem, oceans were not fathomed and they were sometimes called as “deep”. When the sailors went on long voyages on their wooden boats and ships they had to face great perils on the mighty oceans. The man who passes his life honestly is not at all terrified by the rage of the stormy oceans. Thunder and lightning are the terrors of the sky and people are afraid of such natural calamities but man of life upright is not at all afraid of these things. He faces them bravely on the strength of his faith and upright character.
Lines # 17-20
Explanation:
In this stanza the poet describes that this man’s attitude toward happy and unhappy events of life. By virtue of his strong faith in God and purity of character he remains unaffected by the day-to-day happenings of life. The man who passes his life honestly does not at all care for the sorrows and worries which are the results of either good fortune or bad luck. The real interests of such a man does not lie in the worldly pleasure but spiritual things are the main sources of his joys. Only Godly objects are the main source of his thoughts. This man concentrates in seeking knowledge and wisdom from the book of Heaven. It means that the source of wisdom for this man lies in the Divine teachings and object of Nature. This man’s best knowledge and skill are his spiritual and moral values, which he practices in life. The ordinary objects of human endeavour like property, wealth and name and fame are not his ideals. His pleasures are of sublime nature. Whenever he is in trouble or distress, he looks forward the Heaven for favour and guidance.
Lines # 21-24
Explanation:
In these lines the poet tells us that an upright man has good thoughts and always loves to act devotionally. Actually, this stanza contains and the central idea and theme of the poem. The poet says that this man does not waste his time in attending social gathering. He prefers to pass most of his time in pure meditation. His noble and innocent thoughts provide him pleasant company. He gets peace, pleasure and relief out of virtuous thoughts.
The poet says that this man considers the world as a comfortless and ordinary place for brief stay. It is no more than an inn where human being stay like travelers. They are not supposed to settle down here nor they can take anything away from here. To him this world is not a place for enjoyment. He thinks that one should lead a pious, pure, trustful and disciplined life in this world. He knows that after the short stay in this world he will have to embark out the journey to the next world. The short span of life passed in this world has no importance for him. He is an ideal noble man.
REFERENCE:
These lines have been extracted from John Million’s magnificent poetic drama, “Samson Agonistes”.
CONTEXT:
This poem is modeled on the great Greek tragedy involving Samson, the most powerful man of
For rules the world --- (Pascal)
Samson the brave hero, took his revenge from enemies in a unique style taking the same destruction on himself.
Cowards die many times before their death, the valiant,
man never tastes of death but once” ----- (Shakespeare)
STANZA:
“He patient, but undaunted ………..
…………………. He still performed”
EXPLANATION:
In the above extracted lines of the long narrative poem, Samson Agonities, the versatile poet, John Milton depicits that portion of the great tragedy fall upon the man of incredible strength Samson. The tragedy was that he was caught and blinded by his foes. His opponents compelled him to demonstrate his super human strength by breaking and pulling the massive objects. He did exactly as he was asked to do so and performed such demonstration which were simply unbelievable. This all he performed with his race force.
Despise being blind, he seemed courageous and dasing.
STANZA:
“He tugged, he shook till ……………….
……………… nobility and flower
EXPLANATION:
The abov state up bed the tragive but heroic act act of the great wrestle. Samson who was caught and blined by his bitter enemies. He first did as he was asked but then he made an announcement, having captured the two massive columns that gave main support to that huge building, that he was going to display some other demonstration which were not asked to perform. He applied all his body force on those columns and finally resulting the fall of the arched roof upon the head of all who were sitting under it. Those who were sitting beneath were the prime person of his opponent’s society. He died himself during his past demonstration but taught a bitter; leason to his enemies.
“Heroism is the self-devotion of genius manifesting itself in
Action” ----- (J.C. & A.W. Hare)
AN ESSAY ON MAN
REFERENCE:
These lines are an extract from the philosophical poem, “An Essay on Man”, composed by the myslic poet. Alexander pope.
CONTEXT:
This poem is an ambitious, philosophical and religious dissertation on human existence, addressed by Pope to Lord Bolingbroke. In this poem the poet cites his philosophical ideas on topics like death, life, hope, humanity, God and ignorance to future.
Ignorance of future ills is a more useful thing then knowledge” ---- (Ucero)
The poem is very much like “Urdu Ghazal” in which the poet express his ideas freely on various subjects in one piece of poetry. Pope tells us that it is a great blessing of God that we have been kept ignorant of our future. Had we known what was going to happen to the next day, life would have become absolutely a great curse for us.
1st 4 Stanza:
Heaven from all creatures……..
Suffering from here fellow?
EXPLANATION:
In the opening lines Alexender Pope gives the concept of destiny and what works behind all creatures who divided into three groups animal, men & spirits. Every creature has no knowledge of future except present time. Heaven has hidden from all creatures their fate in such a way that man knows the future of animals while spirits know the future of Man but no one knows of his fate, he would not be prepared to live here on earth to face his suffering which are predestined.
2nd 5 Stanza:
The lamb thy riot …………..
……………….. kindly given”.
Explanation:
In support of his idea of fate and future, the poet Alexender. Pope gives an example of a lamp who is being lain / slaughtered he does not know to his last breath of his future.
The master of the lamb knows the future of the animal. If he knew his final density he would not at all jump with pleasure in front of his master, eat grass from his hand and love the hand that was going to raise for his blood shedding. The poet exclaims with wonder at his complete stroke future blindness and then says that it is a great mercy of God for not giving knowledge of future. Otherwise, life would be miserable.
3rd Stanza:
That each may ……..
………. Pinion sear”
EXPLANATION:
Every living being has to face ups & downs of his fate and he cannot escape from them. God is for all creatures so, he looks every creatures with equal and just eyes. Death is certain for mightier ones as well as weakers ones a hero and sparrow, atoms or systems, a bubble or a world, all have to die at last. So one should not attach oneself to this temporary world and keeps one’s desires limited. A bird goes as high as its wings get trembling Man’s aspirations will bring some freight and fear, when he desires for more and more.
4th 3 Stanza:
“Wait the great teacher
Death, and God adore!
What future bless ………
………… blessing now”
EXPLANATION:
In the concluding lines the poet advises all human beings to pray to God and remember death all the times. Infact, remembrance of death prevents us from doing sin. It is a great mercy of God that the happiness which will come through fate here not been given the knowledge of that gaped to us. But we should have good hopes for future and do struggle for the achievement of them.
Last 4 lines:
“Hope spring eternal in the ………
…………………. In a life to come”
Hopes emerge out of our heart where our souls are caged behind ribs. It is fact that man in never satisfied with what he has, but he expects for more in future but he does not know that he human souls are restless to get release from their cages. And it is destined that soul would leave body at last, and go back to its real place of living.
In this way the poet admonishes reader that death is envitable and every living being has to face it.
REFERENCE:
The above stanza has been extracted from the charming lyrie, “Music when soft voice die”, composed by one of the foremost of English lyrical poets Percy Bysshe Shelly.
CONTEXT:
The Wheel of the whole poem moves around poet’s lady love and the whole poem is an expression of poets passionate attitude towards the estrangement from this beloved, who has departed from this world. The poet compares the beauty and charm of his beloved with sweets violets and melodious music.
“Music is the speech of angels” ---- (Carlyle)
The main theme of this poem is that as sweet things when they are no more in the world, are remembered. In the same fashion, the sweet thoughts of his beloved will always be in his mind. This poem is so colourful replete with emotions that it is impossible to deal with it as a piece of art that can be discussed on an intellectual level.
FIRST STANZA:
“Music when soft ……………………
…………………… they quicken”.
EXPLANATION:
In the support of his love with her he gives some good examples such as of sweet song and sweet smell of flower, sweets songs vanish in the air but occupy permanent lace in the memory. Similarly sweet smell of flowers disappear in the air, though the flower has faded away, but its fragrance has been preserved.
His wife has taken physical death but her portrait has taken permanent place within the chamber of the poet’s memory. Thus she is not dead on the contrary she is alive in the poet’s memory.
2nd Stanza:
Rose leaves ……..
……… slumberon
EXPLANATION:
Assuring the should of his dead wife, of his true love with her the poet says that her value has risen more in his eyes even after physical separation by death. In the support of his view he gives the example of those rose petals that being parted off from the branches are decorated on the bride bed. And thus the importance of those rose leaves has risen after separation from branches. The poet convinces her that her portrait is hung within the chamber of his memory and he not only loves it, but also keeps it very close to his heart as if she is alive with him.
ENDYMION
REFERENCE TO CONTEXT:
These lines have been taken from a beautiful poem titled, “Endymion” composed by “John Keals”, the great poet of his time. He did in his youth whatever he write he proved his talents in the field of poetry. He could have been a poet like Shakespeare if he had survived much longer and written so much. There his beauty in his verses. Endymion is a handsome hero of the Greek’s tale. The goddess Moon had fallen in love for his beauty. In this poem, the poet has described the importance of beauty and its unforgettable effect on human heart and mind. According to his view, life is colourful among the bevy of beauty, life would be miserable without the company of beautiful things which are permanent source of our pleasure.
A thing of beauty …………….
……………….. beating”
EXPLANATION:
In the beginning stanza, the poet John Keats describes the importance of beauty and its good effect on the heart and mind of human beings. Beauty is found in various colours, kinds and shapes and are all source of happiness and makes our life pleasant with its charm. It is true that life without them would be dull deserted, dismeal and dead. Beauty is a precious gift of God and therefore decay in beauty never comes. Its attraction grows and joy flows. Man’s life in the company of beauty is peaceful. It is health giving and refreshing to mind and body. Simply it is concluded that beauty is something undying and comparable. Whose influence goes on increasing and everlasting.
LAST FOUR LINES:
We have imagined ………….
………….. heaven’s brink”
EXPLANATION:
In view of the poet, John Keats all those things which give inspiration to human soul are all beauty, therefore, apart from natural beauty imagination of heroes is also kind of beauty.
REFERENCE:
This stanza has been adopted from one of the best poem of Arthur High entitled as Say not the struggle naught avail.
CONTEXT:
The idea of the whole poem moves around man’s constant struggle against odd and even circumstances. It may seem possible that man’s struggle does not achieve the pleasant smell of success and seems to go in vain. But infact, man’s constant endeavours definitely reach on victory stand ultimately, that is continued and constant efforts will undoubtedly be crowned with success.
This poem conveys the idea that optimism is the key to success in all kinds of adventure.
The surest way not to fail is to determined to
Succeeded ---- (Sherdian)
FIRST FOUR LINES:
“Say not the struggle ……………..
……….. have been they remain”
EXPLANATION:
Addressing the discouraged and frustrated hopeless men the poet says that it is wrong to say that struggle goes in vain on the way of fighting against evil. It is wrong to think that there is no use of wounds taken and struggle made because the devil forces are move powerful than the forces of virtues. Therefore the condition of the evil dominated society does not be given place in their mind. The poet assures them that the condition will not change all at once on the contrary it takes a long time to bring changes in the society. However, he advised them to keep continue their struggle.
2nd Four Lines:
“If hopes were dupes ………………
……………… posses the field”
Explanation:
The poet gives a philosophical idea about defeat on the way of fighting against evils. He says that its wrong to say about hopes giving frustrations. Infact it is fear and less confidence that gives frustration and failure on the way of fight. In support of this philosophical idea, he gives an example of a war that could have been won by the comrade forces who lost the battle field because of fear developed wrongly in their hearts. They thought that forces behind the smokes in the battle field were defeated and the rival forces were waiting to attack upon the fresh comrade forces. In short behind the defeat in the war there is not the hand of hopes but of fear.
3rd Four Lines:
“For while the tired waves………….
……………… flooding in the main”
EXPLANATION:
Condition of evils dominated society do not change abruptly but revolution comes in the long run. In support of his idea he gives the example of the tired waves that could not capture even an inch of land despite struggling hard, but the observer will be surprised to watch that a vast piece of land comes under what and this has happened in the results of continuous efforts.
LAST FOUR LINES:
And not by eastern windows only ………
………………… Look the land is bright”
EXPLANATION:
Pointing towards the sun, the poet says that the first rays of the sun makes bright not only the eastern part of the land but also the western part of the land. It means that once virtues spread in one part, they start spreading the other part as well like the sun rays although the sun is rising up very slowly, its rays bring, brightness to a wide rang from the east to west. In the same way slow and steady struggle brings victory upon will form all sides.
REFERENCE:
The above segment has been taken out from an exciting, charming and soul stirring poem. The solitary reaper, composed by the poet of nature and title holder of lourelship William Wordsworth.
CONTEXT:
The main theme of this poem moves around the exciting and stimulating song, sung by a
“Our sweets song are those that tell of our saddest
Thought” ----- (Shelly to a Sky Lark)
This songs leaves a profound and an everlasting impression on both poet’s mind and most inner recesses. So, he utters;
The music in my heart I bore long after it was heart no more
STANZA 1:
During a walk in the
STANZA II:
The poet compared the girl’s sad and sweet voice with cuckoo and nightingale songs give a line effect to a tired would of travelers of the
STANZA III:
The girl was singing in a Celtic / Scottish language. So, the poet could not understand the meaning of the song. But he concluded the idea from the sad song that she was telling a tragic incident of past or present which had brought a great loss and pain to her or to her family or to her village.
LAST & IV STANZA:
The forming girl’s incessant singing showed that she would lighten her sad heart by remembering the tragic incident, at a time, she was busy in cutting crops. The whole valley was echoing in her pathetic song and the poet was magically moved. He listened to it will deep inclination (interest). However, it was a long time to have heard the magical voice, but still today, it gives same spell bound whenever, the string of the poet’s hearts starts singing.
REFERENCE:
These poetic lines have been extracted from the long narrative poem entitled “Ulysses” by Aflred Lord Tennyson”.
CONTEXT:
This poem is centered on the highly spirited speech made by the great Greek hero. Ulysses to his old fellow mariners. His inspiring and souls stirring speech is a zealous desires to make last history by making an adventure upon the unknown mighty ocean. Ulysses and his companions had become old and yet they possessed invisible spirit of adventure and exploration, and they all were courageous and daring. The ideal purpose of Ulysses was to sail beyond sunset to reach the farthest ends of the horizons to capture the sinking starts of the west. His greatness lies in this fact this inspite of becoming old and feeble, he was determined to cite a new history from his old but heroic blood.
“History is the essence of innumerable biographies” ---- (Bol Ingbroke)
STANZA:
Old age hath yet…………….
………………strove with gods”
EXPLANATION:
In the above poetic lines the versatile poet, Alfred Lord Tennyson, presents the speech of Ulysses the great Greek worrier, which he makes before his devoted companions. In this part of the speech Ulysses admits that the span of time has decreased their physical strength and they have grown old and feeble. But according to Ulysses this feeble state also contains an esteemed and dignified status and they can achieve and enhance this status by performing some noteable deeds, which would keep them alive in the history of world. In this way he provokes his companions to be active and bold enough.
A man without action is as dead as a snuffed out candle
STANZA:
It may be that the gulfs…………….
………..…………….. much abides
In the above extracted poetic lines the ultimate warrior, Ulysses admonishes his companions about the perils of forth coming voyage which, they were about the start. He anticipates that there is possibility that the cruel waves will make them drown into the sea and in this way, their lives may be terminated. Another possibility is that they may reach the island where the pious souls are gathered, here they might meet the great noble king, Achilles, who helped them in the ward against Torjans. He admits that most part of their strength has been lost but he assures them that much is left, with them to survive with.
STANZA:
“That which we are ……………….
…………………… not to yield”
EXPLANATION:
In the above stanza, the Greek warrior Ulysses addresses to his companion in a spirited way and tries to provoke their emotions and passions by reminding them their golden days of youth when they were young they used to do such sorts of tasks which are nearly impossible to be done but with the forces of determination they faced every kind of danger and defeated everything. Simply their deeds were incomparable.
“Our deeds determines us” ------ (Ellot)
He accepts that the time had left its marks on them and had weakened their strength physically but it could not spoil their will power. so he hopes that by this will power they would not surrender to any one and would achieve success in every mission.
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