Fill in the Blanks in Pakistan Studies

1.The last viceroy of united India was _______.(Lord Mount Batten)
2.______ is known as Bab-ul-Islam.(Sindh)
3.The first O.I.C summit was held in ___________ in _______. (Rabat,Morocco)(1969)
4.The second O.I.C summit was held in ________ in _________.(Lahore,Pakistan)(1974)
5.The third O.I.C summit was held in _______ and ________
in________.(Makkah)(Taif,Saudia Arabia)(1981)
6.The fourth O.I.C summit was held in ________ in ______.(Casablanca,Morocco)(1984)
7.The fifth O.I.C summit was held in _______ in _______.(Kuwait)(1987)
8.The sixth O.I.C summit was held in ________ in ______.(Dakar,Senegal)(1991)
9.The seventh O.I.C summit was held in _______ in _______.(Casablanca)(1994)
10.The eight O.I.C summit was held in ___________ in _______.(Tehran,Iran)(1997)
11.The highway linking China and Pakistan is called
__________.(Shahrah-e-Karakoram)
12.Pakistan became the member of U.N on ____________and ___________ Opposed
it.(30th December 1947)(Afghanistan)
13. _____________ are the two most important food crops of Pakistan.(Wheat and Rice)
14.The Objective Resolution was put forwarded by ___________ in________.(Liaqat Ali
Khan)(1949)
15._________ and ________ are two famous Pushto poets.(Khushal Khan
Khatak)(Rehman Baba)
16.The State Bank was inaugurated by _________ in __________.(Quaid-e-Azam)(July
1948)
17.The first constitution of Pakistan came into force on __________ and cancelled in _______.(23rd March 1956)(1958)
18.The second constitution of Pakistan was promulgated on __________.(1st March 1962)
19.The third constitution of Pakistan was promulgated on _________.(14th August 1973)
20.Pakistan's second Governer General and 2nd Prime Minister was _______.(Khawaja Nazimuddin)
21.The Government of Pakistan imposed the system of Zakat in the year _____ and it is collected at ______.(1980)(1/3 %)
22.Quaid-e-Azam joined Muslim League in the year _____.(1913)
23.The Simla delegation was headed by ___________.(Sir Agha Khan)
24.Pakistan's largest heavy engineering complex is situated at _______ ,Built with the help of ____.(Texila)(China)
25.The highest peak of Pakistan is _____.(K-2)
26.Sui gas was found in the year _____.(1952)
27.__________ was the chairman of boundary commission.(Sir Red Cliff)
28.The growth rate of Pakistan is _____.(3%)
29.The Lucknow Pact was signed between Muslim League and _______ in the year ____.(Congress)(1916)
30.The first President of All India Muslim League was _______.(Sir Agha Khan)
31.Quaid-e-Azam proposed his 14 points in the year _____.(1929)
32.The United Nations was founded in _________.(24th October 1945)
33.The first meeting of the Muslim League took place in the year ____ at _______.(1908)(Karachi)
34.The Cripps Mission visited India in______.(1942)
35.___________ Was the first Governer General of Pakistan.(Quaid-e-Azam)
36.The Cabinet Mission came to India in the year ______ A.D and had ___ members.(1946)(three)
37.R.C.D (Regional Co-operation for development )was established in______.(1964)
38.Quaid-e-Azam Gave his 14 points in reply to ________.(Nehru Report)
39.Mount Batten announced his plan on _________.(3rd June 1947)
40.The first independent ruler of Muslim India was ________.(Qutub uddin Aibak)
41.Allama Iqbal gave his historical address in the year _____ A.D at _____ .(1930) (Allahbad)
42.Quaid-e-Azam appealed on _________ to observe day of Deliverance or Yaum-e-Nijat /Tashakkur.(22th december 1939)
43.___________ has 4 divisions.(Sindh)
44.__________ was the first President of Pakistan.(Iskander Mirza)
45.Participation of Bengal took place in the year ______A.d And cancelled in _____ A.D.(1905)(1911)
46.The two biggest hydraulic dams of Pakistan are _______ and _______.(Tarbela)(Mangla)
47.Pakistan was recognized as a republic in the year _____.(1956)
48._____________ Translated the Holly Quran in Persian.(Hazrat Shah Wali Ullah)
49.Moen jo Daro was built _______ years ago through a thought plan.(4000)
50.The Muslim League was founded in _______ at _____ due to the movement of _______ .(1906) (Dhaka) ( Nawab Saleem Ullah Khan)
51.All India Congress was founded by ____________ in the year _________ A.d.(Allan o.Hume)(1885)
52.The first Prime Minister of Pakistan was ___________.(Liaqat Ali Khan)
53.The First World War started in _______.(1914)
54.The second World War ended in ______. (1945)
55.Urdu is a Persian word it means ______.(Camp)
56.First Muslim General _____________ invaded Sindh.(Mohammad Bin Qasim)
57.The highest court of Pakistan is __________.(Supreme Court)
58.The Aligarh Movement was started by ________.(Sir Syed Ahmed Khan)
59.Quaid-e-Azam remained member of both Muslim League and Congress for __ years.(9)
60.Badshahi Mosque was built by __________ at Lahore.(Aurangzeb Alamgir)
61. Sindh was separated from Bombay presidency in the year _____A.D.(1936)
62.First Round Table Conference took place in London in _______ A.D.(1930)
63.Second Round Table Conference took place in London in ______ A.D.(1931)
64.General Zia Ul Haq took office in ____ A.D.(1977)
65.Quaid-e-Azam was born on ___________.(25th December 1876)
66.___________ and ____________ are the two building found in Pakistan that were built by Mughal Empire.(Badshahi Mosque)(Shahi Qila)
67.Pakistan's two important agricultural crops are _____ and _____.(Cotton)(Rice)
68.Allama Iqbal was born at _________.in ________.(Sialkot)(1877)
69.The last Mughal Emperor of India was _________.(Bahadur Shah Zafar)
70.Pakistan's largest steel mill is at ________ formed by the cooperation of ________.(pipri(Karachi)(Russia)
71.There are ___ natural regions of Pakistan.(4)
72.The Mosque built by ________ is at Thatta.(Shah Jahan)
73.The duration sixth five -years plan is ______.(1985-1990)
74.According to the 1972 census the literacy rate in Pakistan was _____ which grew to _____ in 1981.(21.7%)(26.2%)
75.The true name of Hazrat Mujaddid Alif Sane was _______.(Shaikh Ahmed)
76.In the 1945 Muslim League won ____ Muslims seats in the central Assembly.(30)
77.The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence law in _________ or made the Indian participation plan into a law.(July 1947)
78.The script of All Pakistani languages is similar and it is based on ______ (Quranic Script)
79.Sind Madarsa-ul-Islam was founded by ___________.(Hasan Ali Afandi)
80.Pakistan earns its biggest share of foreign exchange from _____.(Cotton)
81.In _______ ,________ helped Pakistan in making arrangements to hold the Islamic Summit Conference.(1974)(Shah Faisal)
82.The first General elections of Pakistan were held in the year______.(1971)
83.SAARC abbreviates for __________ .(South Asian Assocition for Regional Cooperation)
84.________ founded Muslim League's braneli at London in _____.(Syed Ameor Ali)(1908)
85.All Pakistani languages contain lots of words of ______ and _______.(Arabic)(Persian)
86.Immediately after Independence from the British India forcefully annexed _______.(Hyderabad)
87._______ and ________ occupied a large territory of Kashmir.(Dakkan)(Junagarh)
88.The _____ nuclear exploitation showed the true face of Indian agression.(1974)
89.Congress started "Leave India Movement" in the year ______.(1942)
90.In_____,________ defeated the Marhatas at the battle field of Pani Patt.(1761)(Ahmed Shah Abdali)
91.The first Mughal Emperor was _____.(Babar)
92.The Mughal Emperor Akbar introduced the _________.(Deen-e-Elahi)
93.Pakistani languages are greatly influenced from _______.(Arabic)
94._________ and _________ are two important Sindhi poets.(Shah Abdul Latif)(Sachal Sarmast)
95.Two palces famous for wooden crafts are ______ and ______ in Pakistan.(Hala)(Kashmor)
96.The Indus Basin Treaty was signed between Pakistan and India in the year ____.(1960)
97.Sindh Muslim League passed a resolution in _______.(1938)
98.Nizam-e-Mustafa movement was carried in the year ____.(1977)
99.The Hindu Society is divided in ___ casts.(4)
100.Pakistan's _____ population live in rural areas.(70%)
101.The first Muslim League Government was formed in Sindh in ______.(1943)
102.Masjid Mahabat Khan is situated at _________.(Peshawar)
103.Masjid Wazir Khan is situated at ________.(Lahore)
104.Simla Delegation met _______ in 1945.(Lord Wevell)
105.In year ____ the Simla delegation headed by Sir Agha Khan met ______.(1906) (Lord Minto)
106.Liaqat Ali Khan born in ______ and become the secretary general of Muslim in _____.(1895)(1936)
107.Waris Shah wrote _________.(Heer Ranjha)
108.The total area of Pakistan is _________ sq.km and total population according to 1981 census is _____________ million/crores.(796096)(83782000)
109.Pakistan exploded its first atomic bomb at _______ in the year ______.(Chaghi)(May 1998)
110.Moen-jo-Daro is the province of ______.( Sindh).
111.The period of first five year plan was _________.(1955-1960)
112.Pakistan joined the non -Aligned Movement in in the year ______.(1979)
113.The first conferences of NAM was held at ______ in _______ and the second at _______.(Belgrade)(1961)(Cairo)
114.The fort of Lahore (Shahi Qila) was built by ________.(Jehangir)
115.Sind was conquired by Mohammad bin Qasim in the year ______.(712)
116.The head of the state is called _______ and head of the Government is called _______.(President)(Prime Minister)
117.The Secretariate of O.I.C is at ________ (Saudi Arabia) and RCD at ________.(Jeddah)(Tehran)
118.RCD is called now ________ .(R.E.C (Regional Economic Council)
119.The desert land of Sindh is called _______ and that Bahawalpur is called ________.(Thar)(Cholistan)
120.The first Saint to came South Asia ______________ is most important of all.(Hazrat Ali Hajveri)
121.Hazrat Amman Marvandi is known as _________.(Lal Shahbaz Qalandar)
122.In ______ Cripps mission was presented.(1942)
123.In 1945-1946 elections Muslim League won ____ seats in central and _______ in provincial assembly.(all)(90%)
124.In ______ Lord Wavell proposed the formation of a temperary government consisting of the political parties of United India.(1945)
125.According to 3rd June 1947 plan plebiscite was held in __________ and ________.(N.W.F.P)(Silhoute)
126.In the North of Kabul river Khyber Pass is situated which is _____ km long.(53)
127.In the 1973 constitution ________ was recognized as state religion.(Islam)
128.In Pakistan ____ languages are spoken.(30)
129.__________ is the sufi poet of Pushto poetry.(Rehman Baba)
130._________ is considered as first poet of Pushto.(Ameer Karoro)
131.For a developing country like Pakistan ____________ is very important.(Nuclear Power)
132.U.N has _______ members.(159)
133.The five principles passed by the Non-Aligned countries are called _______.(Punj Shilla)
134.The members of R.C.D are _________,________, and ________.(Pakistan)(Iran)(Turkey)
135.In __________ separate elections principle was accepted.(1909)
136.Sir Syed founded scientific society in ________.(1862)
137.The Khilafat conference meeting held at Karachi in ______.(1921)
138.The fundamental principle of our foreign policy is ________________.(friendship with the nations of the world)
139.Sir Syed brought out the digest "Tehzib-ul-Akhlaq" in _______.(1870)
140.The first central office of Muslim League was established at ________.(Aligarh)
141.The word Pakistan was proposed by ______________ in a pamphlet named _______ .(Choudri Rehmat Ali)(No and Never)
142.The first constituent assembly of Pakistan was dissolved in the year ______ and _______ was its speaker.(1954)(Mir Maulvi Tamizuddin)
143.Under the constitution of 1973 the National Assembly consists of ______ Muslim members and the Senate consist of ____ members.(207)(87)

Short Answers in Pakistan Studies

1.Who was the first president of Islamic Republic of Pakistan?

Ans.The first President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was Iskandar Mirza.

2.Of which organization is UNICEF the the abbreviated forms?

Ans.UNICEF is one of the specialized agencies of united nations and dis the abbreviated form of "United Nations International Children Emergency Fund."

3.Which Institution was inaugurated by Quaid-e-Azam in July 1948?

Ans.The State Bank of Pakistan was inaugurated by Quaid-e-Azam in July 1948.

4.Name the rivers on which the Mangla Dam and the Tarbela Dam are built.

Ans.Tarbela Dam is built on River Indus and Mangla Dam is built on River Jhelum.

5.Name two famous poets of Pushto language.

Ans.The famous and popular poets of Pushto language are:
(i) Kazim Khan Shaida
(ii) Rehman Baba

6.Who are the famous poets of Sindhi language.

Ans.The famous and popular poets of Sindhi language are:
(i) Syed Abdul Karim Mohammad Hashim
(ii) Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai
(iii) Sachal Sarmast
(iv) Pir Mohammad
(v) Makhdoom Noah
(vi) Makhdoom Ahmed Bhitai

7.Who are the famous poets of Punjabi language?

Ans.The names of famous poets of punjabi language are given below:
(i) Sultan Bahu
(ii) Bullah Shah
(iii) Shah Hussain
(iv) Waris Shah
(v) Madho Lal Hussain
(vi) Ghulam Farid

8.Was the constitution of 1962 of presidential or parlimentary type?

Ans.The constitution of 1962 introduced the presidential form of Government.

9.Name the natural regions of Pakistan.

Ans.Pakistan is divided into six natural regions.
(i) Northern Mountain Range
(ii) Mountains of Western Frontier
(iii) Plateau of Potowar and Salt Range
(iv) The Plateau of Baluchistan
(v) Upper Indus Plain
(vi) Lower Indus Plain

10.Write the objectives of U.N.O.

Ans. The main aims and objectives of United Nations (UNO) are:
(i) The first and foremost aim of U.N.O is to prevent war and mantain peace in the world through collective efforts.
(ii) To create good will among the nation of the world through economics,social,political dn humanitarism means.
(iii) To eraclicate the evils of caste,colour and creed by means of education.
(iv) Cultivation of friendly relations among the people on the basis of equality and the principle of self-determination.
(v) Preservation of human rights and fundamental freedom all over the world.

11.Of which organization is R.C.D the abbreviated from?What is it new name?

Ans.R.C.D is the abbreviated form of "Regional cooperation Developement".The new name is E.C.O (Economic Cooperation Organization).
12.Describe briefly the causes that led to the creation of All Muslim League?
Ans.Following are the causes of the formation of All India Muslim League:
(i) Congress-A Hindu Organisation:
Hume laid the foundation of Indian National Congress in 1885,But Congress by its policy and propaganda proved itself a Hindu Organisation.
(ii) UnHappy Events of partition of Bengal:
Hindu's attitude towards Muslim intrest and the partition of bengal had exposed Hindu feelings beyond any doubt.
(iii) Safeguard for Urdu:
Urdu-Hindi controversy was one of the causes of the creation of Muslim League.
(iv) Propaganda against Islam:
Some Hindu leaders had raised the slogan "India is for Hindus only".They started propaganda against Islam and Muslims.

13.Whwn,Where and with whom did the members of the Simla Delegation go to meet?

Ans.On 1st Oct.1906 ,a Muslim deputation consisting of 35 representative met the Viceroy Lord Minto at simla and presented some demands of Muslims.The viceroy gave a patient hearing to the demands of the Muslims presented by the Simla Delegation and he promised to give athetic consideration to the demands of Muslims and assured them that the intrests of the Muslims would be safeguard.

14.When and why was the Khilafat Movement started?Who were the leaders of the Movement?

Ans.After the first world war ,the fate of Ottoman Turkish Empire (Khalifa) was sealed.The Turkish Sultans had claimed to the Caliphs of the Muslim World.The general impression among the Muslims was that the Western Powers were waging a war against Islam to rob it of all its powers.Muslims of South India took up courage and started "Khilafat Movement in 1919,its aim was to:
(i) To save Khilafat
(ii) To protect Holy Cities from non-Muslim control
The leaders of Khilafat Movement were:
(i) Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar
(ii) Maulana Shaukat Ali
(iii) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

15.What do you know about the regional languages of Pakistan?

Ans.The general elections for the central lagisleture Assembly were held in India in
December ,1945.The Muslim League won 86.6% of the total Muslim seats.Out of total 102 seats in the central Assaembly ,the Muslim league won 30 seats.

17.Write names of the member countries of the SAARC organization.

Ans.The following are the member countries of SAARC:
(i) India
(ii) Pakistan
(iii) Bangladesh
(iv) Sri Lanka
(v) Nepal
(vi) Bhutan
(vii) Maldives

18.When and which treaty was signed between India and Pakistan with respect to canal water dispute?

Ans.The water dispute had its origin in the partiton of Punjab.It came to light on April 1,1948,when India cut off the flow of canal water to West Punjab in Pakistan,causing a great threat of famine and loss of corps in West Punjab.
With the Intervention of World Bank,On September 19,1960,an agreement was concluded between the countries which is known as "Indus Basin Treaty".The treaty was signed by President Ayub Khan from Pakistan side and by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru from India in 1961.According to this agreement the Chenab,Jhelum and the Indus rivers were allocated to Pakistan and three Eastern rivers Sutluj,Bias and Ravi were given to India.

19.When and where as the first session of the All India Muslim League held?

Ans.The first session of the All India Muslim League was held at Karachi on 29th and 30th December,1907.

20.When and Who dissolved the first constituent Assembly of Pakistan?

Ans.The first constituent Assembly of Pakistan was dismissed by then the Governor General Ghulam Mohammad on Oct. 24th,1954.

21.When and Where was Allama Iqbal born?

Ans.Allam Iqbal was born on 9th November 1877 in Sialkot.

22.Name any two cash crops of Pakistan?

Ans.Cash crops supply raw material to industries,Foriegn exchange is also earned through export of these corps.The cash-crops of Pakistan are:
(i) Cotton
(ii) Sugar-Cane

23.How many administrative divisions are there in Sindh?

Ans.There are four administrative divisions in Sindh.

24.Name the main Industries of Pakistan?

Ans.The main Industries of Pakistan are:
(i) Textile Industries
(ii) Cement Industries
(iii) Paper Industries
(iv) Sugar Industries
(v) Steel Industries
(vi) Fertilizer's Factories

25.On what date was the day of deliverance observed as announced by the Quaid-e-Azam ?

Ans.When the Congress ministers,resigned in October,1939,the Quaid-e-Azam appealed to the
Muslims of India to observe a "Deliverance Day" On Dec. 22,1939 and expressed their relief at the terminatio of Congress rule which had been too hostile during the last two years.He also appealed that the Day should be observed peacefully.The Deliverance Day was observed peacefully throughout the country.

26.When was the Zakat System introduced in Pakistan?

Ans..The Zakat System was introduced in the country through the Zakat and Ushr Ordinance on June 20,1980.According to this ordinance,zakat fund would be established to collect these sorts of gifts and it was compulsory for every sahib-e-nisab Muslim whetehr male or female to pay zakat by deducting it from his or her account in the bank.

27.Name the first casts of Hindu Society?

Ans.The Hindu Society was divided into the following four casts:
(i) Brahman
(ii) Khatri
(iii) Vaish
(iv) Shooder

28.Which caste is respected the most in the Hindu Society?

Ans.The Brahman's are considered the most superior in the Hindu society.

29.What are the works given to the Khatris?

Ans.The occupation of Khatris was to fight and defend the country.

30.What is the occupation of Vaish?

Ans.The people of the Vaish caste are farmerstraders ,industrialist and artisans.

31.What was the occupation of Shooder?

Ans.The people of Shooder caste were considered the lowest of other casts.They had to serve the other castes,i.e they were slaved.

32.How did Urdu language came into being?

Ans.The Mughal army consisted of people belonging to different communities of India and
speaking different languages .By intermingling of these people,a new language by the name of Urdu came into existance.

33.Name the Sufi's who worked for the spread of Islam in South Asia?

Ans.The Sufi's and Saints who worked for the spreading of Islam in South Asia are:
(i) Hazrat Data Ganj Baksh
(ii) Khuwaja Moeenuddin Chishti
(iii) Hazrat Mujaddid Alif Sani
(iv) Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalander
(v) Hazrat BahaUddin Zakaria

34.What do you mean by "Ideology of Pakistan".?

Ans.Pakistan came into existence of the basis of one ideology and this ideology refers that Islam is the religion of all the Muslims and this Islamic ideology is the idiology of Pakistan,

35.Which province did not have any constitution during the British rule?

Ans.The British had made North West Frontier Province as "Non-Constitutional Land".

36.When did Partition of Bengal take place and benefited from it?When and had did the
annulment of partition took place?

Ans.The Partition of Bengal took place in 1905 and this was the first right step taken by the British towards the intrests of Muslims,but the narrow-minded Hindus could not bear this and due to thier opposition the annulment of partition took place in 1911.

37.Why did the Muslims not accept the Nehru Report?

Ans.In the Nehru Report,the Hindus did no respect the rights and intrests of Muslims and not fulfilled the promises made by them.Therefore,the Muslims did not accept the Nehru Report.

38.Why didQuaid-e-Azam presented his fourteen points?

Ans.Quaid-e-Azam presented his fourteen points in reply to the Nehru Report.

39.Why did the round table conference failed?

Ans.The Round Table Conference failed due to the narrow-mindedness and negative attitude of the Hindus.

40.Write down the points of the Indian Independence Act of 1947?

Ans.The important points of Indian Independence Act are:
(i) The legislative supremacy of the two dominions.
(ii) The legislatures of the two Dominions were given full powers to make laws having extra-territorial jurisdication.
(iii) The British Government was to have no control over the affairs of the Dominions.Provinces or any part of the Dominions after 15th August,1947.

41.What were the important points of third June Plan?

Ans.The important points of third June Plan was are as follows:
(i) India was to be divided into Hindustan And Pakistan.
(ii) Pakistan was to comprise the Muslim majority areas with a right to secede from the rest of India.
(iii) The Muslims majority areas would be demarcated by a Joint Boundary Commission.
(iv) Bengal would be partitioned into Muslim and Hindu majority areas.

42.Which party formed the Government of Britain when the sub-continent was partitioned?

Ans.The Labour Party ruled the Government of Britain when India was partitioned.

43.Write the name of some Muslim Leaders who worked during the Pakistan Movements?

Ans.(i) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
(ii) Nawab Salim Ullah
(iii) Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk
(iv) Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk
(v) Sir Agha Khan
(vi) Allama Iqbal
(vii) Quaid-e-Azam

44.During the World War II,what promise did the British Government made towards the people
of sub-continent?

Ans.The British Government promised the people of sub-continent that India will be partitioned after the end of the Second World War.

45.How many Resolutions did the U.N passed regarding Kashmir problem?

Ans.The Security Council of United Nations passed two Resolutins on 17th August,1948 and 5th January,1949.

46.What did Quaid-e-Azam said about Radcliff Commission?'

Ans.The Quaid-e-Azam remarked about Radcliff Commission or Radcliff award:
"The award was a parting Kick of the British Government."

47.What was the percentage of Muslims in Jammu and Kashmir according to the census of 1941?
Ans.According to the census of 1941,the Muslim population in Kashmir was 96% and in Jammu,it was 70%.

48.What do you know about Mohammad Ali Bogra Formula?

Ans.In the period of third Prime Minister,Mr.Mohammad Ali Bogra,great efforts were made for the preparation of the constitution in the light of the recommendations of the committee he was able to prepare a draft bill of the constitution which is known as "Mohammad Ali Bogra's Formula".In this formula,it was suggested to give equal representation to East and West Pakistan.

49.When was the objective resolution passed?

Ans.The objective resolution was passed on 12th March,1949 in the Constituent Assembly.

50.Which event took place in the history of constitution making of Pakistan 1955?

Ans.It was hoped that after Mohammad Ali Bogra Formula,a constitution would be made in the country but in 1954,the Governer General dismissed the Constituent Assembly and in 1955,a new constituent Assembly was elected which started the work of constitution making.

51.How long did the 1956 constitution last?

Ans.The constitution of 1956 lasted for only two and a half years.On 7th October,1958,the army took over the Government.

52.According to the constitution of 1962,name the council that was established to point out the
non-Islamic things.

Ans.The Council which was established to point out the non-Islamic things is known as "Islamic Ideology Council".

53.How long did the constitution of 1962 last?

Ans.This constituted lasted for 7 years.On 25th March,1969,Ayub Khan resigned and gave the power to the army.General Yahya Khan dismissed the 1962 constitution and enforceed Martial Law in the country.

54.When was the legal frame work Order issue?

Ans.The legal frame work Order was issued on March 30th,1970.The said order contained the fundamental principles of the constitution to be framed by the elected assembly as well as the number of seats in National and Provincial Assembly for the General Elections to be held.

55.When were the Shariat Courts formed and where is its head office?

Ans.Shariat Courts were established in 1979 and its head office is at Islamabad.

56.When was the intrest-free banking system introduced in the country?

Ans.On 1st January,1981,an intrest-free banking system was introduced in the country.According to this system ,the account holder was made a partner with the bak in its profit or loss by sharing it according to his investments in the bank.

57.Under what circumstances did General Zia-ul-Haq took control of power on 5th July 1977.

Ans. The elections held in the country were not fair.The people started the Nizam-e-Mustafa Movement.The Government held discussion but no results were obtained.As a result,the army on 5th July 1977 took control of the power.

58.Give the location of Pakistan.

Ans. Pakistan is geographically located between 23.45 to 36.45 North Latitude and about 61 to 75.5 East longitude in South Asia .The country is sorrounded by Bharat in East,Afghanistan in
the North West,Iran in the West and the Arabian Sea in the South.

59.How much is the area of Pakistan?

Ans. The total area of Pakistan is 796096 square kilometers.

60.What does the word "Doab" mean?

Ans.The land or space between two rivers is known as "Doab".

61.Give a brief account of the seasons in Pakistan?

Ans.There are four seasons in Pakistan:
(i) Summer-From May till September
(ii) Winter-From November till February
(iii) Spring-The season of March and April
(iv) Autumn-September and October

62.Write down the names of some important departments of Government of Pakistan.

Ans.The important departments of Government of Pakistan are as follows:
(i) Foreign Office
(ii) Defence Department
(iii) Interior Ministry
(iv) Finance Department
(v) Education Department
(vi) Health Department
(vii) Communication Department

63.How does the Government controll the affairs of F.A.T.A (Federally Administered Tribal Areas)?

Ans.The Federal Government through its appointed agent keeps in touch with the leaders of Tribal Areas and Controls the system of these areas.The shol are comes under the control of jirgah.This is a council comprising of the religions and experienced people of these tribes.

64.What do you mean by Culture?

Ans.Culture is the history of the society and reflects its social past.Culture means behaviour peculiar to its human beings.Culture consists of languages,literature,ideas,beliefs,customs,habits,codes,dress,diet,art,moral,institution,laws,etc.

65.From which areas did civilized life begin?

Ans.Human civilization started from those areas where water,air and other geographics conditions were in much condition for life.Therefore,fertile valley of rivers include Dajla Dafrat(iraq) ,valley of Nite (Egypt) and Indus valley (Pakistan).The evolution of population started from these areas and civilised life began.

66.The land of Pakistan is famous of which civilizations?

Ans.The lanf of Pakistan is proud to have the birth of the historical civilization of the valley of Indus.This civilization was at its peak about four or five thousand years ago.

67.Which land do you mean by Indus Valley?

Ans.Indus Valley means those areas which are situated near the River Indus and its neighbouring Rivers.Its present name is Pakistan.

68.What do you mean by Gandhara Art?

Ans.The areas of Punjab and N.W.F.P which at present situated near Rawalpindi and Peshawar were in the old days given the name of Gandhara Civilization.About two and half thousand years ago,this civilization was at its peak whose art and culture especially art of painting and stone carving are famous.

69.Write down the names of certain important buildings of Muslim Era.

Ans.(i) The fort of Agra
(ii) Taj Mahal,Agra
(iii) Shahi Qila,Delhi
(iv) The tomb of Jehangir,Lahore
(v) Badshahi Masjid ,Lahore
(vi) Masjid Wazir Khan ,Lahore
(vii) Jamia Masjid,Thatta

70.What do you mean by imperialist system?

Ans.The Britishers brought an imperialist system.The Imperialist system means that local cultural and social agencies should be so bound by a political structure that they loose their identification.

71.When did the Muslims invade South Asia?

Ans.Muslims invaded South Asia in 712 A.D.When Mohammad bin Qasim defeated the army of
Raja Dahir and established an Islamic Welfare State.

72.Which artist did Humayun brought back from Iran?

Ans.Humayun brought back to artist Mir Syed Ali Tabrezi and Khawaja Abdul Samad from Iran.
73.Which type of painting flourished during the era of Jehangir?

Ans.Jehangir had great intrest in the art of painting.He claimed that he can identify a painter by seeing his paintings in this era,this art was at its peak beautiful pictures of flowers ,paints,animals,birds and natural scenes were made.The pictures of war fighting are magnifitient examples of realistic art.

74.Who was the first musician of the Muslim era?

Ans. Amir Khusro was the first musician of the Muslim era.He invented many rags in music.

75.What did the extremist Hundu Movements wanted to do against the Muslims?

Ans.Hindu extremist Movement such as Shoodhi,Shungthan and Arya Samaj wanted to convert Muslims to Hindus and wanted diminish the separate identity and culture of the Muslims so that the Muslims could leave India.

76.What message did the Allama Iqbal gave to the Muslims of the sub-continent?

Ans.Allama Iqbal gave the message to the Muslims of India that they should develop the feeling of Islamic brotherhood and Jihad so that they could become independent.

77.What did Quiad-e-Azam said about the objective for the creation for Pakistan?

Ans.Quaid-e-Azam described the main objective of the creation of Pakistan in the following words:
"We have not demanded Pakistan only to get a piece of land,but our aim was to get a laboratory where we could practise the principles of Islam."

78.Pakistani culture is a mixed culture.Comment.

Ans.Pakistani culture is a mixed culture .There is still some impact of foreign traditions in our society.We have adopted Western music and their style of living.Although majority of the people are Muslims ther is a mixed culture of Hindus,Britishers and Muslims.

79.The basis of Pakistani culture is on Islam.Comment.

Ans.Pakistan was established so that the Muslims could lead their lives according to the teachings and principles of Islam.Pakistani culture is predominantly an Islamic culture.Pakistan inspite of the differences of religion,language and customs commonly follow the religion of Islam.

80.What are the Pakistani arts?

Ans.Pakistani arts include the following:
(i) Stone Carving
(ii) Carpet Making
(iii) Embriodery

81.How many languages are spoken in Pakistan?

Ans.In Pakistan,about 30 small and big languages are spoken.These include Urdu,Sindhi,Pushto,Punjabi,Baluchi,Kashmiri and Brahvi.

82.What were the different names of Urdu in its different periods?

Ans.In the beginning Urdu was given the name Hindavi,Hindi and Hindustani.Later on,it was given the name Urdu-e-Moalla and Rekhta.And now it is given the name Urdu.

83.When did Pushto language begin?

Ans.Pushto is a language of N.W.F.P .The people speaking these languages are called Pukhtoon or pushtoon.This language started about 5000 years in Afghanistan.Bakhtar or Bakht.Due to this it was given the name Bakhto which later became Pukhto or Pushto.

84.Whom began Sindhi language in Arabic script?

Ans.Abul-Hasan Sindhi began Sindhi language in Arabic script.

85.Which things are distinct in Punjabi literature?

Ans.Folk tales are very popular in Punjabi literature.The poets gave these tales into poetic forms.These tales incude romances like Hir Raanjha,Sassi Panhu and Sohni Mahiwal.

86.Write down the names of famous Baluchi tales?

Ans.The famous tales of Baluchi language are:
(i) Chakar Khan
(ii) Hamal Rando -Hanaz
(iii) Berang-o-Grahan
(iv) Nazshah Hured Dahanni

87.Name three classical poets of Urdu.

Ans.The three classical poets of Urdu are:
(i) Mir Taqi Mir
(ii) Mirza Ghalib
(iii) Mir Dard

88.Who is considered as the first poet of Pushto?

Ans.Amir Karore is considered the first poet of Pushto.

89.Which languages influence Sindhi language?

Ans.Sindhi language is influenced by Darawdi,Sanskrit,Greek,Turkish,Pushto and other languages.

90.'Shah -jo-Risalo' is the poetic collection of which poet?

Ans.Shah -jo-Risalo is poetic collection of famous Sindhi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai.

91.Which Civilization does Punjabi language has a link?

Ans.Punjabi has its links with Hadmai or Draudi civilization.

92.Name the different styles of of speech of Punjabi?

Ans.The different style of speech of Punjabi language are Mulsani,Saraiki,Shahpure,Potohari etc.
93.Name three classical poets of Punjabi.

Ans.Three classical poets of Punjabi are:
(i) Shah Hussain
(ii) Bulleh Shah
(iii) Sultan Bahu

94.Who wrote Heer Ranjha?

Ans.Hir Ranjha was written by Waris Shah.

95.Which is the famous book of Hashim Shah?

Ans.The famous tale of Hashim Shah is Sassi Panhu.

96.Which language does Baluchi link to?

Ans.Baluchi languages has its link with Aryan Languages.

97.Write down the different style of speeches of Baluchi?

Ans.The two styles of speeches of Baluchi are:
(i) Mehrani
(ii) Sulemani

98.Name the ascents of Kashmiri?

Ans.Kashmiri has many ascents.These are Sulemani,Hindki,Gandro and Gami but Gandro leads all the ascents.

99.Write down the salient features of the foreign policy of Pakistan.

Ans.The following are the fundamental principles of Pakistan's foreign policy.
(i) Protection of freedom and sovereignity.
(ii) Close relations with Muslim countries.
(iii) Keeping away from big power politics.
(iv) Support for self-determination.
(v) Implementation of United Nations Charter.
(vi) Promotion of Peace and Friendship.
(vii) Non-Alignment.

100.Pakistan is the member of how many international organizations?

Ans.Pakistan is the active member of the following international organizations:
(i) United Nations Organisations.
(ii) Non-Aligned Movement(N.A.M)
(iii) Organization of Islamic Conference (O.I.C)
(iv) Economic Cooperation Organizatio(E.C.O)

101. When was the foundation of United Nations Laid?

Ans.The foundation of United Nations(U.N.O) was laid on 24th Oct.1945.

102.Name the organs of U.N.O?

Ans.The organs of U.N.O are:
(i) General Assembly
(ii) Security Council
(iii) Economic and Social Council
(iv) Trustee-Ship Council
(v) Secretariat
(vi) International Court of Justice

103.Name the agencies of U.N.

Ans.Ther are several specialized bodies are:
(i) UNICEF-United Nations Internation Children Emergency Fund.
(ii) UNESCO-United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organisations
(iii) FAO-Food and Agricultural Organisation
(iv) WHO-World Health Organisation
(v) ILO-International Labour Organisation.
(vi) WB-World Bank.

104.What is the objective of Non-Aligned Movement?

Ans.The main objective of Non-Aligned Movement was not to join any of the big powers and to keep away from big power politics.

105.When was the foundation of R.C.D laid?

Ans.In July 1964,Iran,Pakistan and Turky with mutual understanding laid the foundation of R.C.D (Regional Cooperation of Development).Now,Its new name is Economic Cooperation Organization(E.C.O).

Character Sketch Rudolf Rassendyll for Intermediate 2

Introduction
Rudolf Rassendyll is the hero and central character of the novel entitled The Prisoner of Zenda, written by Anthony Hope. The integral character of Rassendyll holds the attention of the readers throughout the exciting events of the novel. Rassendyll possesses a prime personality and is linked with the main incidents of the novel in one way or the other.

Various Aspects of His Role
Rudolf Rassendyll is a tall, young and handsome man, who belongs to a noble family in England. He is an educated man of twenty-nine, who has perfect command over German and French. He is bold, cultural and knows the art of becoming popular. He has red hair, straight nose, blue eyes and a beard. His physical appearance bears striking resemblance to that of the real king, though there were some points of differences. Rassendyll himself pointed out:
“The king’s face was slightly more fleshy than mine, the oval of its contour the least trifle more pronounced and his mouth lacking something of the firmness which was to be gathered from my close-shutting lips.”

However, in spite of these differences, Colonel Sapt could not help mentioning to Rassendyll:
“You’re an Elphberg, every inch of you.”

Adventure
Rudolf Rassendyll is very fond of adventures and loves to roam about instead of sticking to a job. He is also a good mastermind who handles difficult situations seeming effortless. The desire to participate in sensational events is always there in his heart. This desire was fulfilled by his play-acting of King Rudolf Elphberg, who was very identical to him. His likeness with the king of Ruritania helped him to make his mission a success. He pledges in strong and unequivocal terms: “I have been an imposter for the profit of another, but I will not be one for my own; and if the king is not alive and on his throne before the day of betrothal comes I will tell the truth, come what may.”

Wisdom and Prudence
Rudolf Rassendyll proves himself to be a man of outstanding attributes and full of wisdom. He plays the role of the king very intelligently. Once he gets entangled in Ruritanian politics, he becomes conscious not only of the significance of his royal position but also of the responsibility, which lies on his shoulders. He is a wise, cool minded and responsible man.

Faithfulness and Sincerity
Rudolf Rassendyll is a sincere man. He does not want to keep the throne to himself. He carries out all his responsibilities with firmness and confidence. He realizes that it is his duty to restore the real king to the throne and he never tries to take undue advantage as a pretender. His veracity and sincerity is outstanding as he declares:
“If I’m found out, I’ ll make a clean breast of it, and fight it out with the Duke.”

Boldness and Courage
Rudolf Rassendyll is supposed to be gifted with extraordinary courage and chivalry, and does not fall short of our expectations in this matter. He is an expert rider and an excellent sword man. When time and fate offered Rassendyll a challenge, he accepted him as a brave man. His stay in Ruritania unfolds his marvelous sense of responsibility, boldness and wisdom. The role played by him in Ruritania to save the throne from Black Michael was really an act of gallantry and wisdom.

Romance
The romantic aspect of Rassendyll’s personality shows that his heart throbs for Princess Flavia but the sense of duty and devotion to the throne is far stronger in him. The circumstances urge him to express love to Princess Flavia but bot to feel it. Being deeply conscious of his responsibility and dedication, he declares:
“I had to keep the princess devoted to me and yet indifferent to me; I had to show affection for her and not feel it.”

The Great Sacrifice
In order to maintain peace in Ruritania and not to disgrace the royal family, Rudolf Rassendyll took a sensible and daring step. He sacrificed his love at the altar of duty and left Ruritania with tears of regret in the eyes of Princess Flavia, words of gratitude on the lips of king, applause and appreciation from all the countrymen and feeling of satisfaction on his own part.
“There is no moral authority like that of sacrifice.”
- Nadine Gordimer

Character Sketch Colonel Sapt for Intermediate 2

Introduction
Colonel Sapt is one of the most significant and momentous characters of the novel entitled Prisoner of Zenda, written by Anthony Hope. Being the most loyal servant of the kind, Colonal Sapt was the man behind the impersonating of King Elphberg by Rudolf Russendyll. It was due to his guidance that Rassendyll could successfully play the role of king Elphberg.
Colonal Sapt has played the character of an honest person who has sincere wishes to save the throne for the real king of Ruritania. A single glance over the mentioned qualities will bring to light the noble character of Colonal Sapt.

Courage and Bravery
Colonal Sapt is a brave man whose gallantry keeps him motivated for taking personal risks. He shows great valour on all events. He is also very loyal to the king and serves the throne with dedication and faith. Being a sovereign authority, he has enough experience in the art of governing people. His only objective in life is to reinstate King Elphberg. For this achievement, he uses all the persons including Countess Flavia as pieces of chess board.
Sapt’s courage and determination is enlighted when he said to Rassendyll:
“If we’re detected, I’ll send Black Micheal down below before I go myself.”

Wisdom and Sensibility
Colonal Sapt is a wise man. His superb prudence made him sensible enough not take reckless steps. He uses his mind and intelligence on the battlefield of life. It was merely due to his witticism that Rassendyll’s identification was not revealed. Although the Colonal does not accept advises from others, his gorgeous mentality enables him to crush all the obstacles that come in the path of his aim. Due to these qualities, he exalted himself in the eyes of the king and Rassendyll.
His wisdom is enlighted when he said:
“… If you do not go I swear to you Black Micheal will sit tonight on the throne, and the king lie in prison or his grave.”

Friendly Attitude
Colonal Sapt is not only a good advisor, but also a sincere friend of Rassendyll. He became Rassendyll’s friend as soon as they both met. Colonal Sapt served his friend on every difficult stage. A good example of sincere friendship is seen at the Summer House, when Russendyll was in a dangerous situation among the enemies.

Bachelorship
Colonal Sapt appears to be a confirmed bachelor having low opinion about women. He never trusts in ladies, but believes that women spoil everything. Even the princess does not come in exception to his hatred for the opposite gender.
When Mme de Mauban invites Rassendyll to the Summer House, he said:
“I do not believe any woman and you shall not go.”

Discipline
Colonal Sapt is a well-disciplined man. He has some firm rules, which are strictly followed by him. This discipline and devotion leads the colonal to serve the king and his country.
When Rassendyll went to Marshall for some help without consulting him, Sapt angrily said:
“Sapt likes to be consulted before hand, not informed afterwards.”

Loyalty
Colonal Sapt is a colonal in the Ruritanian Army. He is the oldest of all the hot-blooded armymen. The colonal is a devoted servant of the king. His loyalty is for the cause of monarchy and not for any particular person. He has a highly productive mind, which enables him to act daringly to restore the throne. He succeeded in liberating who was the actual inheritor to the throne.
Colonal Sapt says:
“I have eaten the King’s bread and I am the King’s servant.”

Conclusion
The character performed by Colonal Sapt is worth-reading. Readers get fascinated by his wisdom, loyalty, courage and good principles.

Character Sketch Rudolf Elphberg for Intermediate 2

Introduction
Rudolf Elphberg is one of the central character of the novel entitled The Prisoner of Zenda created by Anthony Hope. He is the prisoner in the castle of Zenda. He is son of late king of Ruritania and heir to throne.

Appearance
Rudolf Elphberg is a young, tall and handsome man. He is an educated man. He has red hair, straight nose, blue eyes and a beard. His physical appearance bears striking resemblance to that of Rudolf Rassendyll, though there were some points of differences, which are pointed by Rudolf Rassendyll:

“The king’s face was slightly more fleshy than mine, the oval of its contour the least trifle more pronounced and his mouth lacking something of the firmness which was to be gathered from my close-shutting lips.”

However, in spite of these differences, Colonel Sapt could not help mentioning to Rassendyll:

“You’re an Elphberg, every inch of you.”

Lack of Responsibility and Common Sense
Rudolf Elphberg, the king is a happy-go-lucky type of young man. He is a pleasure loving man and wishes to pass a happy and care free life. He is devoid of a sense of responsibility and lacks even common sense. He is indiscreet and trusts even his half brother, Black Michael. He does not care even the coronation and drinks excessively. He also drinks the wine sent by his wicked brother. He does not even think or suspect about it. It is well known to the people of Ruritania that Black Michael intends to get through the access to the throne and wants to marry Flavia, but Elphberg is not aware of this fact.

A Weak Man
He has not the quality to face the dangers and odds boldly. His behaviour in prison throws a shadow upon his person. He becomes completely demoralized and losses all gril. His health suffers and he becomes partially insane. He requests Detchard to persuade his brother, Black Michael to kill him. He becomes hopeless and sobs on his fate.

Not a Bad Man
Rudolf Elphberg cannot, however, be called a bad man. He may be a weak king, but as a man, he has some very good qualities. He is a pleasant tempered man, a sincere and good friend. He stands by his friends and has a great trust and faith in them. There is in him a peculiar charm of personality, which inspires confidence in the heart of those who come into contact with him. He loves and admires Flavia. He is sincere, kind and open-hearted.

Conclusion
Although he remains captive throughout the novel and we cannot see him in action, but the whole story revolves round him. He attracts our attention in the forest as a charming and gay person. He reigns in the readers mind although remains behind the scene.

Character Sketch Black Michael for Intermediate 2

Introduction
Black Michael is the villain of the novel entitled The Prisoner of Zenda created by Anthony Hope. He is stepbrother of King Elphberg. He is not the legal heir to the throne because he is the son of the king’s second and morganatic marriage. Black Michael is the owner of castle of Zenda and the surrounding estate. Being the favourite of the late king of Ruritania, he was appointed as the Duke of Strelsau. He is schemer and evil by nature.

Selfish and Hypocrite
Black Michael is a selfish man. He loves Princess Flavia just to get the throne. He is a hypocrite and makes a false show of love towards Madam Mauban. He has become popular among a small number of people of the country by his hypocrisy. He is over ambitious and greedy.

A Wicked Person
Black Michael is a sinful man. He makes plot to get the throne with the help of his companions, but always tries to delude them. That is why his followers betray him, when he is expecting complete victory. He invites Rassendyll to the Summer House through a conspiracy, but fortunately Rassendyll survives. This sharp and evil act shows his wickedness.

A Cruel Man
Black Michael is indeed a cruel person. When the king has been in his noose, he treats him in a very harsh and inhuman manner. He does not feel pity for his brother even. Black Michael is a coward man. He wants to save his life at any cost. He does not come out to handle the situation at any time.

A Cool-Minded Criminal
Black Michael is a wicked but a cool minded and genius criminal. When he sees that Rassendyll has impersonated the king of Ruritania he does not make it known to the people to keep his villainy secret. We see that even Rupert’s interest and love for Mauban do not irritate him. It shows that he is a controlled emotion criminal.

A Slave of Lust for Power
Black Michael becomes utterly blind for power. At any rate he wants to usurp the sovereignty form his brother. His lust for power corrupts him and brings his decline.

The Tragic End
Black Michael always deceives his close companions. That is why he is killed by one of his own followers. Thus, the villain of the novel receives a tragic end.

Character Sketch Antoinette de Mauban for Intermediate 2

Introduction
Antoinette-de- Mauban is the character of the novel entitled Prisoner of Zenda written by Anthony Hope. Mme-de- Mauban was a widow, rich, beautiful and clever lady. She deeply loved Black Michael, the Duke of Stralsau.

Personal Motives
She was sincerely devoted to the Duke and by this genuine attachment. She followed him at his request from Paris to Ruritania but she was not aware that the Duke whom she thought to be a man of strong passions was actually a cruel, cunning and selfish man who was content to take all but give nothing.

Peace Acceptance
She was a quite person who had decided to spend a quite and peaceful time in Ruritania with the Duke. With this intention she accepted the Duke’s request. Only to discover at her arrival that things were contradictory to what she had though. It did not take her long to find out that the Duke wanted to kill the King and seize the th5one for himself but Mme-de- Mauban did not desire his triumph for she detested his crime and mainly because she knew that if Michael was made the king he would marry Princess Flavia.

Possessive Woman
She was a possessive woman and found her rival and would not bear to see the Duke abandoning her by marrying the Pricess so she betrayed Black Michael to Rassendyll by warning him of his plan to kill him in the Summer House. For she knew that in case of Rassendyll’s Death the Duke would become the king and would eventually marry Flavia.

Conscientious
She wrote a letter to Flavia as king and warned her not to accept the Duke’s invitation in case, she would come in the power of the Duke. She was a pretty lady and at the Zenda, Rupert, one of the king’s six men was caught by her beauty. But Mauban hated him for she was sincerely devoted to the Duke. Being aware of Rupert’s intentions she had warned Michael of him. Mauban was a compassionate woman and when she learnt of the full measure of his cruelty, she was touched with compassion for the King and from that day she became a well-wisher of Rassendyll and his party.

Duke’s Intriguer
Gradually she found herself entangled into the Duke’s plan, but she was not a weak woman, tired of quarrels and ills between the Duke and Michael and disappointed by Black Michael’s cruel plans and selfish motives. She begs Rassendyll to rescue her from the Duke and rupert but she still loved Black Michael and hoped to gain his life if not his pardon from the king.

Emotional Woman
She was a woman ruled by her emotions and when Michael was killed by Rupert, she heaving taunts came froth to avenge him.

End to the Drama
This conduct proved that no knowledge of the man’s real character was enough to root her regard, for him out of her heart. After these tragic events she withdraws herself entirely from society. She recognized the king’s generosity and kindness and so she did not betray the king’s trust by letting out the secret.

Character Sketch Princess Flavia for Intermediate 2

Introduction
Princess Flavia is a character from the novel entitled The Prisoner of Zenda, written by Anthony Hope. She is the only female character who is not directly involved in the conspiracies, which pervade the entire atmosphere of the novel. She is the cousin and fiancée of King Rudolf Elphberg and is the immediate inheritor to the throne. She bears a bewitching personality and fascinates the readers by the elegant attitude.
Her appearance can be perceived by Rudolf Rassendyll’s saying:

“A girl pale and lovely, surmounted by a crown of glorious Elphberg hair.”

Beautiful Aspects of her Role
Princess Flavia is a young, captivating and decent lady. She possesses a character full of virtues and commands great respect and admiration among the people of Ruritania. They wish to see her as the future queen of the country. She is a noble and kind-hearted woman.

“Trust men, and they will be true to you; treat them greatly, and they will show themselves great.”
- Ralph Waldo Emerson

Soberness and Intelligence
Princess Flavia is a wise woman. Her wisdom keeps her aware of the evil desires of Black Michael, who is not a good man. She very intelligently keeps herself away from all sorts of intrigues. She is a sensible person who has the courage to face the realities of life.
Her intelligence is enlightened when she said to Rassendyll:

“Do be careful,” she went on, “you don’t – indeed you don’t – keep enough watch on him.”

Romance
Princess Flavia is a lady with elements of love in her heart. These elements increase the fascination and temptation in her character. She sincerely and quite confidently admits her inclination towards Rassendyll, being impressed by his personality. She was bold enough to propose Rassendyll but her sensibility restricted her to perform any action below dignity. She gave heart and soul to Rudolf Rassendyll considering him to be the real king. She never mourns her decision even after coming to know that he is a pretender. She confessed that Rudolf Rassendyll was acceptable to him even if he was a beggar.

“The fate of love is that it always seems too little or too much.”
- Amelia Barr

Devotion
The princess was a sincere and devoted lady, always worried about the security of Rassendyll. She advised him time and again to be cautious of the wicked plans of Duke Michael. When Black Michael was successful in injuring Rassendyll, she at once reached Zenda to look after him. This action reflects her sense of responsibility and devotion towards the man whom she loved from the depths of her heart.
She said to Rassendyll:

“Oh, if you were not the king, then I could show you how I love you.”

Duty and Patriotism
Princess Flavia is a responsible lady. She very loyal to her country and knows the difference between love and duty. She sets an example of the greatest sacrifice by giving up her love at the altar of duty. This aspect of her character shows that she is not the slave of her passions.
Here sense of duty is enlightened when she says to Rassendyll:

“Your ring will always be on my finger, your heart in my heart. But you must go and I must stay.”

The Great Sacrifice
In order to maintain peace in Ruritania and not to disgrace the royal family, Princess Flavia took a sensible and daring step. She sacrificed her love for the sake of her homeland and parted with Rassendyll forever. It was a noble and graceful decision in the interest of Ruritania and the Royal family.
“There is no moral authority like that of sacrifice.”
- Nadine Gordimer

Conclusion
Princess Flavia proves to be not only the leading female character of the novel but also the most lively and integral personality. She holds the attentions of the readers because of her charm, duty and incredible virtues. She respected the wishes of the people and the country and gave up her love for the sake of her country. She is a complete symbol of love, beauty and sacrifice, which makes her an admirable character.

To love one person with a private love is poor and miserable, to love all is glorious.”
- Thomas Traherne

Descriptive questions from Prose Section for Intermediate 2 (with quotations)

CONTENTS OF THE SET:

Descriptive Questions from Prose Section” from papers 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 & 2008 (Science, Commerce, Arts & Humanities)

Summaries of “Prose Section”

Science 2008

Q.1: Mrs. Oakentubb got the punishment she deserved comments. 10

Ans. “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” is an effective, sensational and extremely absorbing little piece of melo – drama. It is basically a story of revenge and punishment. The cunning lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, the evildoer of the pay kills two innocent pedestrians when she drives unlawfully fast to accomplish her bet. For her act of brutality, she the sense of revenge and punishment comes into picture as the lady did not receive the adequate punishment as she deserved. The head of the family, who is out of the city, at the time of accident. No sooner does he get himself freed from army, he returns to the country to avenge the lady as he assumes the punishment as contrary to justice.

“Punishment should be appropriate to the crime.”

The man strictly believes in true justice and wants fairness in decisions. Years ago, when his wife and daughter were killed, he was in engaged in the Korean war and could not get himself freed even to take part in the their funeral. His wish being alive has diminished since their death. But the chance meeting with the Korean girl, who looks him as her daughter who was killed by the bloodless lady. The meeting inflates avenge in him and he comes back to the country and starts interrogating the accident after years.

During his investigation, he finds out that it was not an accident but rather a murder as the lady herself admitted to her council that she had the victims before the smash. He takes out the necessary information such as the address and details about the lady and finds her newspaper file photograph. As years have passed, the lady is bound to be apparently different from the file photo.

During his chase, he finds her in the waiting room of the country railway junction. Both are in wait of the express train scheduled to arrive at 2100 hours. They are twenty minutes in the arrival of the express train. First the man fails to identity the lady as Mrs. Oakentubb but the label on the lady’s suitcase makes him believe that the lady may be the same or at least has some relation with her. There starts a cat-rat game between them. The successfully plays part and pretends herself as another lady who is familiar with Mrs. Oakentubb. But her attitude towards him; avoiding him at many points and her being scared needlessly make him think that she is the lady he is looking for.

As the lady has deliberately killed his wife and daughter, therefore, she deserves the same punishment. In addition to that despite knowing that she has intentionally killed them, she veils it as accident and clearly escapes from a capital punishment she deserved for.

Keeping in view the above points, it is clear that the lady, Mrs. Oakentubb was by nature a cunning lady who threw dust into the eyes of the court of law. She deserves to be hanged if not killed by the man.

Q.2: Write a comparison between Hans and the Miller friendship. 10

Ans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Following are the few incidents of the story which explain that the Miller was none but an exploiter of the simplicity and innocence of the little Hans.

Once it so happened that the Miller went to see Hans after the winter season. Hans was very much pleased to se the Miller. The Miller inquired after Hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had to sells his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. Now he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The Miller as usual wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The Miller promised to give him his wheel – barrow, although it was out of order. At this, Hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that he himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaired on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel – barrow.

The Miller also used Hans as a porter. He made him carry a sack of flour to the market under the pressure of his promised kindness of handing a wheelbarrow to him. Hans obeyed him silently. He also asked him to work as a goatherd and even took him to his mill as a laborer if one of them of was absent or he needed extra work to be done.

Finally, one night the cruel Miller came to Hans and told him that his son had fallen from a ladder. He sent Hans to call the doctor. It was a stormy night and it rained heavily when Hans went to call the doctor. He reached the Doctor’s house and asked him to rush to the house of the Miller to help his son. But while coming back, Hans drowned in a pool of water, and his dead body was taken out of the pool in the morning.

The miserable end of the little Hans reminds us:

“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

Science 2007

Q.3: “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” is basically as story of revenge Elucidate. 10

Ans. “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” is an effective, sensational and extremely absorbing little piece of melo-drama. It is basically a story of revenge and punishment. The cunning lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, the evildoer of the play kills two innocent pedestrians when she drives unlawfully fast to accomplish her bet. For her act of brutally, she receives a light sentence of 18 months imprisonment, as there was no eyewitness. Here the sense of revenge and punishment comes into picture as the lady did not receive the adequate punishment as she deserved. The head of the family, who is out of the city, all the time of accident. No sooner does he get himself freed from army he returns to the country to avenge the lady as he assumed the punishment as contrary to justice.

“Punishment should be appropriate to the crime.”

The man strictly believes in true justice and wants fairness in decisions. Years ago, when his wife and daughter were killed, he was in engaged in the Korean war and could not get himself freed even to take part in the their funeral. His wish being alive has diminished since their death. But the chance meeting with the Korean girl, who looks him as her daughter who was killed by the bloodless lady. The meting inflates avenge in him and he comes back to the country and starts interrogating the accident after years.

During his investigation, he finds out that it was not an accident but rather a murder as the lady herself admitted to her council that she had the victims before the smash. He takes out the necessary information such as the address and details about the lady and finds her newspaper file photograph. As years have passed, the lady is bound to be apparently different from the file photo.

During his chase, he finds her in the waiting room of the country railway junction. Both are in wait of the express train scheduled to arrive at 2100 Hours. There are twenty minutes in the arrival of the express train scheduled to arrive at 2100 Hours. There are twenty minutes in the arrival of the express train. First the man fails to identify the lady as Mrs. Oakentubb but the label on the lady’s suitcase makes him believe that the lady may be the same or at least has some relation with her. There starts a cat-rat game between them. The successfully plays part and pretends herself as another lady who is familiar with Mrs. Oakentubb. But her attitude towards him; avoiding him at many points and her being scared needlessly make him think that she is the lady he is looking for.

As the lady has deliberately killed his wife and daughter, therefore, she deserves the same punishment. In addition to that despite knowing that she has intentionally killed them, she veils it as an accident and clearly escapes from a capital punishment. She deserved for.

Keeping in view the above points, it is clear that the lady, Mrs. Oakentubb was by nature a cunning lady who threw dust into the eyes of the court of law. She deserves to be hanged if not killed by the man.

Q.4: Name in your own words the events of the “Afternoon of the Great Run” on described by James Thurber.

Ans. The Day the Dam Broke is an amusing, entertaining but condemnable story reflecting the mob mentality, which blindly and insensibly follows what is going around.

“The mob has many heads but no brains.”

(Rivarol)

The author in the story depicts a real incident of his childhood when the people of his town reacted insensible on hearing an alarming rumour of the breaking of the Ohio River dam. The rumour brings a panie to the entire town and the normal living gots disturbed adjacent to the Obio river and is in sleep. The public common perception was that as the western side was in sleep that was why it was totally unsafe being there. So rushed towards the eastern side which being at the higher side could be a saler option. Their running in the form of streams, taking refuge at the higher places at the eastern side, shouting and, screaming was all, what which gave birth to a wild panie.

“Panic is the stampede of our self possession.”

Following are the some interesting incidents form the story:

• The author was at home with his family when people started streaming his street shouting go east and finding refuge. When the author’s mother realized the situation, she immediately thought of fleeing from the home but the grandfather became an obstacle in the escape as his opinion about the panic was truly based upon a deep misconception. Finding no way to go out they had to make their grandfather unconscious by striking an iron board on his heard. This how they remained successful in fleeing the house ands saving their lives.
• People were gathering in the stream from every corner of the city and the stream was getting thicker and thicker gradually. Mixing of army and other law enforcement agencies produced colours in the streams as they were in uniforms of different colours.
• When the author’s aunt was in a movie theatre, there happened a strange incident. It so happened that an elderly man sitting near the aunt mumbled something and went up to the aisle like a dog trout. This started everybody and people in-groups rose from their seats to watch the amazing scene. Meanwhile a small lady taking the situation as a panic shouted for ‘fire”. This made the situation extremely chaotic in theatre.

Commerce (Regular & Private) 2006

Q.5: Comment of the British Court’s decision in the light of “Act II of the Silver Box”.

Ans. In the drama The Silver Box, there are two families: one is a rich family whose had is Mr. Barthwick who is a member of parliament whereas the other is a poor family that of whose is Mr. James Jones. He is a society – smitten man as he has been out of work for the last couple of months and no contribution is offered to him from any of his associates to help him to survive with his family comprising of his three children and a wife. He search for the job is on but for the survival of the family his wife. Jane Jones, takes the responsibility on her shoulders and starts to work as a maid. She is employed at the House of the MP, Mr. Barthwick. This is the beginning of their bad luck, which lass for the rest of their life.

“Misfortunes always come in by a door that has been left open for them.”

Junior Barthwick, the son of the MP, has been out late for his daily activities and under the influence of wine he steals a lady’s purse and returns to his home at late night. When he comes back and tries to open the lock of his door, he is so intoxicated that he is hardly able to open it. Jones, who is in the vicinity, seeing this comes forward to help him. The junior in order to compensate for his curtsey takes him into his house and offers him wine and smoke. He further offers him to take anything whatever pleases him. Jones after drinking a lot leaves the house under liquor and takes with the silver box and the purse stolen by the junior. Upon inquiry of the stealing the silver box, Mrs. Jones is supposed to be responsible for all the mishap. When the police raid her house, box is found from there.

Here the author says that crimes of both the junior and Jones are same but their social position is different. The junior’s father, an MP, when comes to know that his son has been involved in a theft incidents, makes his best to take his son out of the trial. He advises his counsed, Roper to present the story in such a way all the consequences are directed towards Jones and he should be the one to face music and be victimized. The junior, on the advice of his advocate, is compelled to change his statement.

The Junior refuses to identity Jones and a mere theft case turns into robbery against Jones. On the Jones pleads and says:

“Well, I do, and my words as good as yours.”

Jones tries to make the Justice know about the stealing of the lady’s purse but the judge turns his plea down:

“You ask him wot made him take the lad’s (purse).”

Despite being innocent, Mrs. Jones is accused of stealing the box and in the end she is fired from her job. A maid accused of stealing is hard to be employed anywhere. This is the tragic end of the story where the head of the family is imprisoned and the money earner of the family is fired whereas the rich, Junior Barthwick is freed with esteem.

“He who commits injustice is ever more wretched than he who suffers it.”

This end shows that the judgment was unfair because having committed the same crime, Junior Barthwick is freed on the other hand the poor fellow, Jones is sentenced for one month imprisonment as he is from the lower class of the Society. It is also a clear indication that to British Courts rich and poor are two entirely different domains and their sympathies lies more onto the part of the rich. They show biased behaviour for the two communities despite their crimes are of same nature.

“Law grinds the poor and rich man rule the world”

Q.6: Write a comparison between Hans and the Miller’s friendship. 10

Ans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his flour mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans, except her oily longer. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always, spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreadup a net to lergned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Following are the few incidents of the story which explain that the Miller was none but an exploiter of the simplicity and innocence of the little Hans:

Once it so happened that the Miller went to see Hans after the winter season. Hans was very much pleased to see the Miller. The Miller inquired after Hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had to sell his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. Now he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The Miller as usual wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The Miller promised to give him his wheel – barrow, although it was out of order. At this, Hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that he himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaired on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel – barrow.

The Miller also used Hans as a proper. He made him carry a sack of flour to the market under the pressure of his promised kindness of handing a wheelbarrow to him. Hans obeyed him silently. He also asked him to work as a goatherd and even took him to his mill as a laborer if one of them of was absent or he needed extra work to be done.

Finally, one night the cruel Miller came to Hans and told him that his son fallen from a ladder. He sent Hans to call the doctor. It was a stormy night and it rained heavily when Hans went to call the doctor. He reached the Doctor’s house and asked him to rush to the house of the Miller to help his son. But while coming back, Hans drowned in a pool of water, and his dead body was taken out of the pool in the morning.

The miserable end of the little Hans reminds us:

“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

Arts (Regular & Private) 2007

Q.7: Mrs. Oakentubb got the punishment she deserved. Discuss.

Ans. “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” is an effective, sensational and extremely absorbing little piece of melo-drama. It may be noted that melo-drama is a kind of drama whose end is sweet along with the murder of the evildoer. The cunning lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, is the evildoer of the play who has killed two innocent pedestrians when she drives unlawfully fast to accomplish her bet. For her act of brutality, she receives a light sentence of 18 months imprisonment, as there was no eyewitness. The head of the family, who is out of the city, when the lady kills his wife and little daughter in the road accident. No sooner does he get himself freed from army, returns to the country to avenge the lady as he assumes the punishment as contrary to justice.

“Punishment should be appropriate to the crime.”

The man strictly believes in true justice and wants fairness in decisions. Years ago, when his wife and daughter were killed, he was in engaged in the Korean war and could not get himself freed even to take part in the their funeral. His wish being alive has diminished since their death. But the chance meeting with the Korean girl, who looks him as her daughter who was killed by the bloodless lady. The meeting inflates avenge in him and he comes back to the country and starts interrogating the accident after years.

During his investigation, he finds out that it was not an accident but rather a murder as the lady herself admitted to her council that she had the victims before the smash. He takes out the necessary information such as the address and details about the lady and finds her newspaper file photograph. As years have passed, the lady is bound to be apparently different from the file photo.

During his chase, he finds her in the waiting room of the country railway junction. Both are in wait of the express train scheduled to arrive at 2100 hours. There are twenty minutes in the arrival of the express train. First the man fails to identify the lady as Mrs. Oakentubb but the label on the lady’s suitcase makes him believe that the today may be the same or at least has some relation with her. There starts as cat-rat game between them. The successfully plays part and pretends herself as another lady who is familiar with Mrs. Oakentubb. But the attitude towards him; avoiding him at many points and her being scared needlessly make him think that she is the lady he is looking for.

As the lady has deliberately killed his wife and daughter, therefore, she deserves the same punishment. In addition to that despite knowing that she has internationally killed them, she veils it as an accident and clearly escapes from a capital punishment – she deserved for.

Keeping in view the above points, it is clear that the lady, Mrs. Oakentubb was by nature a cunning lady who threw dust into the eyes of the court of law. She deserves to be hanged if not killed by the man.

Q.8: Is the “Miller” a truly devoted friend or not? Discuss with reference to the lesson “The Devoted Friend”.

Ans. “The Devoted Friend” is a true example one-sided friendship. The two characters of the story are rich Miller and the little Hans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his only tongue. It was his only and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing, He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Following are the few incidents of the story which explain that the Miller was none but an exploiter of the simplicity and innocence of the little Hans:

Once it so happened that the Miller went to see Hans after the winter season. Hans was very much pleased to see the Miller. The Miller enquired after Hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had to sell his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. Now he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The Miller as usual wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The Miller promised to give him his wheel – barrow, although it was out of order. At this, Hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that he himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaired on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel – barrow.

The Miller also used Hans as a porter. He made him carry a sack of flour to the market under the pressure of his promised kindness of handing a wheelbarrow to him. Hans obeyed him silently. He also him to work as a goathered and even took him to his mill as a laborer if one of them of was absent or he needed extra work to be done.

Finally, one night the cruel Miller came to Hans and told him that his son had fallen from a ladder. He send Hans to call the doctor. It was a stormy night and it rained heavily when Hans went to call the doctor. He reached the Doctor’s house and asked him to rush to the house of the Miller to help his son. But while coming back, Hans drowned in a pool of water, and his dead body was taken out of the pool in the morning.

The miserable end of the little Hans reminds us:

“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

Science 2006

Q.9: What were the main reasons given by Liaquat Ali Khan for the Muslims’ desire not to continue living in united India?

Ans. The lesson “Pakistan and the modern world” basically surrounds three or four main ideas that are the justification of the creation and demand of Pakistan; removing the prevailing misconceptions about Pakistan; its importance with respect to Asia and the entire world. The justification of Pakistan moves solely around the Hindu Muslim difference which for far more deep than considered.

Following are the priority wise main reasons and differences for which the Muslims did not desire not to continue living in united India and they eventually led to the creation of Pakistan:

• The first and foremost difference between the two peoples was based upon religious beliefs and core values. The Muslims were believers in one God, monotheists, whereas the Hindus believed in a number of gods, polytheists, numbering
• The other differences sprouted from the core beliefs or simply they were the derivates of religious beliefs. The most important one was that the Hindus believed in caste system consisting of four different castes. The different between the upper caste and the lowest caste was truly inhuman and even disgusting. The Muslims were on contrary had neither such hierarchy levels nor superior and inferior castes. They considered all the Muslims as brothers.
• The Hindus economical infrastructure was totally different than that of the Muslims. It rested upon interest (Riba) strictly prohibited (haram) in the Muslims core calues.
• The Muslims had strong belief in the right of private ownership whether man or woman. The Hindus had no such system. In addition to this, there were perfect quantitative laws of inheritance whereas the Hindu community was devoid of them.
• The Hindus believed in the multiplication and augmentation of money with the money itself. Whereas multiplication of money with the help of money was considered as strictly forbidden.

Q.10: What motive has the man for murdering Mrs. Judy Oakentubb? 10

Ans. “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” is an effective, sensational and extremely absorbing little piece of melo-drama. It may be noted that melo-drama is a kind of drama whose end is sweet along with the murder of the evildoer. The cunning lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, is the evildoer of the play who has killed who innocent pedestrians when she drives unlawfully fast to accomplish her bet. For he act of brutality, she receives a light sentence of 18 months imprisonment, as there was no eyewitness. The head of the family, who is out of the city, when the lady kills his wife and little daughter in the road accident. No sooner does he get himself freed from army, returns to the country to avenge the lady as he assumes the punishment as contrary to justice.

“Punishment should be appropriate to the crime.”

The man strictly believes in true justice and wants fairness in decisions. Years ago when his wife and daughter were killed, he was in engaged in the Korean war and could not get himself freed even to take part in the their funeral. His wish being alive has diminished since their death. But the chance meeting with the Korean girl, who looks him as her daughter who was killed by the bloodless lady. The meeting inflates avenge in him and he comes back to the country and starts interrogating the accident after years.

During his investigation, he finds out that it was not an accident but rather a murder as the lady herself admitted to her council that she had the victims before the smash. He takes out the necessary information such as the address and details about the lady and finds her newspaper file photograph. As years have passed, the lady is bound to be apparently different from the file photo.

During his chase, he finds her in the waiting room of the country railway junction. Both are in wait of the express train scheduled to arrive at 2100 hours. There are twenty minutes in the arrival of the express train. First the man fails to identify the lady as Mrs. Oakentubb but the label on the lady’s suitcase makes him believe that the lady may be the same or at least has some relation with her. There starts a car-rat game between them. The successfully plays part and pretends herself as another lady who is familiar with Mrs. Oakentubb. But her attitude towards him; avoiding him at many points and her being scared needlessly make him think that she is the lady he is looking for.

As the lady has deliberately killed his wife and daughter, therefore, she deserves the same punishment. In addition to that despite knowing that she has intentionally killed them, she veils it as an accident and clearly escapes from a capital punishment – she deserved for.

Keeping in view the above points, it is clear that the lady, Mrs. Oakentubb was by nature a cunning lady who threw dust into the eyes of the court of law. She deserves to be hanged if not killed by the man.

Q.11: How does the panic in “The Day the Dam Broke” appear to have started? 10

Ans. The Day the Dam Broke is an amusing, entertaining but condemnable story reflecting the mob mentality, which blindly and insensibly follows what is going around.

“The mob has many heads but no brains”

The author in the story depicts a real incident of his childhood when the people of his town reacted insensibly on hearing an alarming rumour of the breaing of the Ohio River dam. The rumour brings a panic to the entire town and the normal living gets disturbed completely. The geographical location of the author’s city is such that its western side is adjacent to the Ohio River and is in deep steep. The public common perception was that as the western side was in steep that was why it was totally unsafe being there. So rushed towards the eastern side which being at the higher side could be a safer option. Their running in the form of streams, taking refuge at the higher places at the eastern side, shouting and, screaming was all, what which gave birth to a wild panic.

“Panic is the stampede of our self possession”

The author recalls the incident as an incident that he readily wants to forget at any rate. He says though it was a two-hour-incident yet its effects lasted for more than twenty years. The experience exposed the moral and demoralizing features prevailed in the society there.

The restoration of the normal situation was a hard task as the panic had spread to the every corner of the town. As the people were thinking it their responsibility to warn the others of the danger of the flood that was why it kept increasing like a grassfire. When the situation was tried to be controlled by the army, it first worsened it; as the people misunderstood their announcement of “The dam has not broken” to be as “The dam has NOW broken”.

In addition to this it was hard for them to believe that the breaking of the dam news was merely a rumour and they thought it as a joke. But continuous announcement from the law enforcing agencies and seeing so signs of the on coming water helped restore the situation but not more than two hours before.

“How much have cost the evils that never happened”

Humanities (Regular & Private) 2006

Q.12: “The Silver Box” is a play about justice which is not the same for the rich and the poor. Comment.

Ans. In the drama The Silver Box, there are two families, one is a rich family whose head is Mr. Barthwick who is a member of parliament whereas the other is a poor family that of whose is Mr. James Jones. He is a society – smitten man as he has been out of work for the last couple of months and non contribution is offered to him from any of his associations to help him to survive with his family comprising of his three children and a wife. He search for the job is on but for the survival of the family his wife, Jane Jones, takes the responsibility on her shoulders and starts to work as a maid. She is employed at the House of the MP, Mr. Barthwick. This is the beginning of their bad luck, which lasts for the rest of their life.

“Misfortunes always come in by a door that has been left open for them.”

Junior Barthwick, the son of the MP, has been out late for his daily activities and under the influence of wine he steals a lady’s purse and returns to his home at late night. When he comes back and tries to open the lock of his door, he is so intoxicated that he is hardly able to open it. Jones, who is in the vicinity, seeing this comes forward to help him. The junior in order to compensate for his curtsey takes him into his house and offers him wine and smoke. He further offers him to take anything whatever pleases him. Jone after drinking a lot leaves the house under liquor and takes with the silver box and the purse stolen by the junior. Upon inquiry of the stealing the silver box, Mrs. Jones is supposed to be responsible for all the mishap. When the police raid her house, box is found from there.

Here the author says that crimes of both the junior and Jones are same but their social position is different. The Junior’s father, an MP, when comes to know that his son has been involved in a theft incidents, makes his best to take his son out of the trial. He advises his counsel, Roper, to present the story in such a way all the consequences are directed towards Jones and he should be the one to face music and be victimized. The junior, on the advice of his advocate, is compelled to change his statement.

The junior refuses to identify Jones and a mere theft case turns into robbery against Jones. On this Jones pleads and says:

“Well, I do, and my words as good as yours.”

Jones tries to make the Justice know about the stealing of the lady’s purse but the judge turns his plea down:

“You ask him wot made him take the lad’s (Purse).”

Despite being innocent, Mrs. Jones is accused of stealing the box and in the end she is fired from her job. A maid accused of stealing is hard to be employed anywhere. This is the tragic end of the story where the head of the family is imprisoned and the money earner of the family is fired whereas the rich, Junior Barthwick is freed with esteem.

“He who commits in justice is ever more wretched than he who suffers it.”

This ends shows that the judgment was unfair because having committed the same crime. Junior Barthwick is freed on the other hand the poor fellow, Jones is sentenced for one month imprisonment as he is from the lower class of the Society.

“Law grinds the poor and rich man rule the world”

Q.13: “The Devoted Friend” is a story of one-sided friendship. Comment.

Ans. “The Devoted Friend” is a true example one-sided friendship. The two characters of the story are rich Miller and the little Hans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the other in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all an din no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by hi, the Miller.

Following are the few incidents of the story which explain that the Miller was none but an exploiter of the simplicity and innocence of the little Hans:

Once it so happened that the Miller went to see Hans after the winter season. Hans was very much pleased to see the Miller. The Miller enquired after Hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had so sell his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. Now he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The Miller as usual wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The Miller promised to give him his wheel – barrow, although it was out of order. At this, Hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that he himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaired on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel-barrow.

The Miller also used Hans as a porter. He made him carry a sack of flour to the market under the pressure of his promised kindness of handing a wheelbarrow to him. Hans obeyed him silently. He also asked him to work as a goatherd and even took him to his mill as a laborer if one of them of was absent or he needed extra work to be done.

Finally, one night the cruel Miller came to Hans and told him that his son had fallen from a ladder. He sent Hans to call the doctor. It was a stormy night and it rained heavily when Hans went to call the doctor. He reached the Doctor’s house and asked him to rush to the house of the Miller to help his son. But while coming back, Hans drowned in a pool of water, and his dead body was taken out of the pool in the morning.

The miserable end of the little Hans reminds us:

“A friend in need is a friend indeed”.

Commerce (Regular & Private) 2006

Q.14: “The Silver Box” is a play about justice which is not the same for the rich and the poor. Comment. 10

Ans. In the drama The Silver Box, there are two families: one is a rich family whose head is Mr. Barthwick who is a member of parliament whereas the other is a poor family that of whose is Mr. James Jones. He is a society – smitten man as he has been out of work for the last couple of months and no contribution is offered to him from any of his associates to help him to survive with his family comprising of his three children and a wife. He search for the job is on but for the survival of the family his wife. Jane Jones, takes the responsibility on her shoulders and starts to work as a maid. She is employed at the House of the MP, Mr. Barthwick. The is the beginning of their bad luck, which lasts for the rest of their life.

“Misfortunes always come in by a door that has been left open for them.”

Junior barthwick, the son of the MP, has been out lat for his daily activities and under the influence of wine he steals a lady’s purse and returns to his home at late night. When he comes back and tries to open the lock of his door, he is so intoxicated tat he is hardly able to open it. Jones, who is in the vicinity, seeing this comes forward to help him. The junior in order to compensate for his curtsey takes him into his house and offers him wine and smoke. He further offers him to take anything whatever pleases him. Jones after drinking a lot leaves the house under liquor and takes with the silver box and the purse stolen by the junior. Upon inquiry of the stealing the silver box, Mrs. Jones is supposed to be responsible for the mishap. When the police raid her house, box is found from there.

Here the author says that crimes of both the junior and Jones are same but their social position is different. The junior’s father, an MP, when comes to know that his son has been involved in a theft incidents, makes his best to take his son out of the trial. He advises his counsel, Roper, to present the story in such a way all the consequences are directed towards Jones and he should be the one to face music and be victimized. The junior, on the advice of his advocate, is compelled to change his statement.

The junior refuses to identify Jones and a mere theft case turns into robbery against Jones. On this Jones pleads and says:

“Well, I do, and my words as good as yours.”

Jones tries to make the Justice know about the stealing of the lady’s purse but the judge turns his plea down:

“You ask him wot made him take the lad’s (purse)”

Despite being innocent, Mrs. Jones is accused of stealing the box and in the end she is fired from her job. A maid accused of stealing is hard to be employed anywhere. This is the tragic end of the story where the head of the family is imprisoned and the money earner of the family is fired whereas the rich, Junior Barthwich is freed with esteem.

“He who commits injustice is ever more wretched than he who suffers it.”

This end shows that the judgment was unfair because having committed the same crime, Junior barthwich if freed on the other hand the poor fellow, Jones is sentenced for one month imprisonment as he is from the lower class of the society.

“Law grinds the poor and rich man rule the world.”

Q.15: What does Ernestine think about property, outward success, luxury and war?

Ans. Albert Einstein in the opening lines of the lesson discussed the cause, which is behind the creation and the actual purpose of mankind. He stressed that everyone should be aware of the social responsibilities and should do something in return for the society. He stresses on the life with an object and highly condemns a life without any object. Money, ease and luxury – ordinary objects of human endeavour – are worthless to him.

Einstein believed in democracy and in the freedom of the individual. He pleads to “Let every man be respected as an individual and no one idolized”. Though he himself has been idolized in his own life – time, yet he has never appreciated it. The reason why some people become idolized as leaders is to be found in man’s desire to follow. Self abasement is as strong an impulse in man as ‘self-assertion. Of course, it is quite necessary for the success of every plan that one man should do the thinking and directing, and in general, bear the responsibility. But the led must not be compelled. They should be given freedom, to choose their leaders without any external pressure. A system afforded leadership is bound to fail after some time, and hence, to end. The reason is that force always attracts men of low morality, and Einstein believes, that fools always succeed tyrants. Thus, Einstein that the thing, that has brought discredit to the prevailing form of democracy in Europe, is not to be laid at the democratic idea as such, but to the lack of stability on the part of leaders and their governments. Thus, unless provisions are made for a free choice, the democratic system is sure to change into autocracy. Einstein believes that the interest of the individual should be respected, and that it should not be sacrificed for the interest of the state. To him the really valuable thing in human life seems to be not the state but the creative individual, the personality. It alone creates the noble and the sublime. While the herd as such remains dull in thought and in feelings’. Einstein regards class differences as contrary to justice, and, in the last resort, based on force. He believes that human nature is always against wars, and that had the sound sense of nations not been spoiled though schools and the pres, this curse would heave disappeared from the world long ago. Einstein blames the commercial and political motives of interested nations for the propaganda in favour of war. In this view the greatest agencies working for this propaganda have been the educational institution and the press, which are controlled by warmongers.

According to Einstein, the since of wonder forms the first experience of man’s life. Those who are attracted by the mysteries of life are no better than dead. The experience of mystery is the basis of all arts, sciences and religious in the world. Einstein says that he is deeply aware of the hidden forces in the universe and is always trying to understand them. It is only in this sense that he calls himself a religious man. He dose not believe in a God who rewards or punishes; nor dose he believe in life after death. He thinks that such views can satisfy only those people who have a week will power.

“Science 2005?

Q.16: Why did the man kill Mrs. Oakentubb? Was he right or wrong? Give reasons for your answers. 10

Ans. “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” is an effective, sensational and extremely absorbing little piece of melo-drama. It may be noted that melo-drama is a kind of drama whose end is sweet along with the murder of the evildoer. The cunning lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, is the evildoer of the play, who has killed two innocent pedestrians when she drives unlawfully fast to accomplish her bet. For her act of brutality, she receives a light sentence of 18 months imprisonment, as there was no eyewitness. The head of the family, who is out of the city, when the lady kills his wife and little daughter in the road accident. No sooner does he get himself freed from army, returns to the country to avenge the lady as he assumes the punishment as contrary to justice.

“Punishment should be appropriate to the crime”

The man strictly believes in true justice and wants fairness in decisions. Years ago, when his wife and daughter were killed, he was in engaged in the Korean war and could not get himself freed even to take part in the their funeral. His wish being alive has diminished since their death. But the chance meeting with the Korean girl, who looks him as her daughter who was killed by the bloodless lady. The meeting inflates avenge in him and he comes back to the country and starts interrogating the accident after years.

During his investigation, he finds out that it was not an accident but rather a murder as the lady herself admitted to her council that she had the victims before the smash. He takes out the necessary information such as the address and details about the lady and finds her newspaper file photograph. As years have passed, the lady is bound to be apparently different from the file photo.

During his chase, in finds her in the waiting room of the country railway junction. Both are in wait of the express train scheduled to arrive at 2100 hours. There are twenty minutes in the arrival of the express train. First the man fails to identify the lady as Mrs. Oaketubb but the label on the lady’s suitcase makes him believe that the lady may be the same or at least has some relation with her. There starts a cat rat game between then. The successfully plays part and pretends herself as another lady who is familiar with Mrs. Oakentubb. But her attitude towards him: avoiding him at many points and her being scared needlessly make him think that she is the lady he is looking for.

As the lady has deliberately killed his wife and daughter, therefore, she deserves the same punishment. In addition to that despite knowing that she has intentionally killed them, she veils it as an accident and clearly escapes from a capital punishment – she deserved for.

Keeping in view the above points, it is clear that the lady, Mrs. Oakentubb was by nature a cunning lady who threw dust into the eyes of the court of law. She deserves to be hanged if not killed by the man.

Q.17: “The Day the Dam Broke” is a good example of thurber’s sardonie but affectionate view of human behaviour. Comment. 10

Ans. The Day the Dam Broke is an amusing, entertaining but condemnable story reflecting the mob mentality, which blindly and insensibly follows what is going around.

“The mob has many heads but no brains”.

(Rivarol)

The author in the story depicts a real incident of his childhood when the people of his town reacted insensibly on hearing an alarming rumour of the breaking of the Ohio River dam. The rumour brings a panic to he entire town and the normal living gets disturbed completely. The geographical location of the author’s city is such that its western side is adjacent to the Ohio river and is in deep steep. The public common perception was that as the western side was in steep that was why it was totally unsafe being there. So rushed towards the eastern side which being at the higher side could be a safer option. Their running in the form of streams, taking refuge at the higher places at the eastern side, shouting and, screaming was all, what which gave birth to a wild panic.

“Panic is the stampede of our self possession”.

The author recalls the incident as an incident that he readily wants to forget at any rate. He says though it was a two-hour-incident yet its effects lasted for more than twenty years. The experience exposed the moral and demoralizing features prevailed in the society there.

The restoration of the normal situation was a hard task as the panic had spread to the every corner of the town. As the people were thinking it their responsibility to warn the others of the danger o f the flood that was why it kept increasing like a grassfire. When the situation was tried to be controlled by the army, it first worsened it; as the people misunderstood their announcement of “The dam has not broken” to be as “The dam has NOW broken”.

In addition to this it was hard for them to believe that the breaking of the dam news was merely a rumour and they thought it as a joke. But continuous announcement from the law enforcing agencies and seeing no signs of the on coming water helped restore the situation but not more than two hours before.

“How much have cost the evils that never happened”.

Commerce (Regular & Private) 2004

Q.18: Pakistan and the Modern World” is an admirable exposition of the creation of Pakistan. Discuss to bring out the wisdom contained in the
lesson. 10

Ans. The lesson “Pakistan and the modern world” basically surrounds three or four main ideas that are the justification of the creation and demand of Pakistan; removing the prevailing misconceptions about Pakistan; its importance with respect to Asia and the entire world. The justification of Pakistan moves solely around the Hindu Muslim differences which for far more deep than considered.

The sole idea of his all speeches was to make the American realize of the ideology of Pakistan, justification of the creation of Pakistan, its importance in the Asian and the world’s affairs and finally its role as a peace friendly nation for the whole world around.

During his discussion on all the above points, he gives his ideas on freedom. He says that common perception of freedom is that when there is no foreign power ruling over the country; the country is said to be free and this phenomenon is called freedom. Whereas according to him, the same is idea an obsolete one and it is contradictory to the sole concept underlying freedom. He says that as long as the nation is found sunk in illiteracy and ignorance and away from education, it cannot be said free despite the nation is considered free in the international circle. It is something what which glitters but not gold.

“Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of is fortune”.

(Plato)

The other important feature, according to Liaquat Ali Khan, if misses, deprives the nation of being free despite called free. It is the in-completion and non-fulfilling of their desires, basic needs such as bread, shelter, protection, an honorable service and status and their little hopes. Without these the life of the common man and woman seems dull and empty and it cannot be assumed as a free life.

If the nation is found struggling with wide spread diseases with either no or insufficient support from the government, the nation is supposed to be enslaved and it cannot be accepted as a free nation as the basis human rights violation is there.

The above proves that he was the true speaker for Pakistan whose services are simply unforgettable for the nation.

Q.19: How does the one-sided friendship between Hans and the Miller and in tragedy?

Ans. “The Devoted Friend” is a true example one-sided friendship. The two characters of the story are rich Miller and the little Hans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little. Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footings. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Following are the few incidents of the story which explain that the Miller was none but an exploiter of the simplicity and innocence of the little Hans:

Once it so happened that the Miller went to see Hans after the winter season. Hans was very much pleased to see the Miller. The Miller enquired after hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had to sell his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. No he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The Miller as usual wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The Miller promised to give him his wheel barrow, although it was out of order. At this, Hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that he himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaired on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel-barrow directed towards Jones and he should be the one to face music and be victimized. The junior, on the advice of his advocate, is compelled to change his statement.

The junior refuses to identify Jones and a mere theft case turns, into robbery against Jones. On this Jones pleads and says:

“Well, I do, and my words as good as yours”.

Jones tries to make the Justice know about the stealing of the lady’s purse but the judge turns his plea down:

“You ask him wot made him take the lad’s (purse)”.

Despite being innocent, Mrs. Jones is accused of stealing the box and in the end she is fired from her job. A maid accused of stealing is hard to be employed anywhere. This is the tragic end of the story where the head of the family is imprisoned and the money earner of the family is fired whereas the rich, Junior Barthwick is freed with esteem.

“He who commits injustice is ever more wretched than he who suffers it”.

This end shows that the judgment was unfair because having committed the same crime, Junior barthwick is freed on the other hand the poor fellow. Jones is sentenced for one month imprisonment as he is from the lower class of the Society.

“Law grinds the poor and rich man rule the world”.

Q.21: What reasons do we have to say the Miller was a selfish person and was the worst the example of his selfish nature? 10

Ans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Following are the few incidents of the story. Which explain that the Miller was a selfish person and was the worst the example of his selfish nature:

Once it so happened that the Miller went to see Hans after the winter season. Hans was very much pleased to see the Miller. The Miller inquired after Hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had to sell his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. Now he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The miller as usual wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The Miller promised to give him his wheel – barrow, although it was out of order. At this, hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that he himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaired on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel – barrow.

The Miller also used Hans as a porter. He made him carry a sack of flour to the market under the pressure of his promised kindness of handing a wheelbarrow to him. Hans obeyed him silently. He also asked him to work as a goatherd and even took him to his mill as a laborer if one of them of was absent or he needed extra work to be done.

Finally, one night the cruel Miller came to Hans and told him that his son had fallen from a ladder. He sent Hans to call the doctor. It was a stormy night and it rained heavily when Hans went to call the doctor. He reached the Doctor’s house and asked him to rush to the house of the Miller to help his son. But while coming back. Hans drowned in a pool of water, and his dead body was taken out of the pool in the morning.

The misearable end of the little hans reminds us:

“A friend in need is a friend indeed”.

Q.22. What were the differences between the Hindus and the Muslims that led to the creation of Pakistan? 10

Ans. The lesson “Pakistan and the modern world” basically surrounds three of four main ideas tat are the justification of the creation and demand of Pakistan; removing the prevailing misconceptions about Pakistan; it importance with respect to Asia and the entire world. The justification of Pakistan moves solely around the Hindu Muslim differences which for far more deep than considered.

Following are the priority wise differences, which led to the creation of Pakistan:

The first and foremost difference between the two peoples was based upon religious beliefs and core values. The Muslims were believers in one God. Monotheists, whereas the Hindua believed in a number of gods, polytheists, numbering up to seven different gods. The Hindus didn’t have any belief in the Old Testament nor the Prophet of Arabia, the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.W).

The other differences sprouted from the core beliefs or simply they were the derivatives of religious beliefs. The most important one was that the Hindus believed in caste system consisting of four different castes. The difference between the upper caste and the lowest caste was truly inhuman and even disgusting. The Muslims were on contrary had neither such hierarchy levels nor superior and inferior castes. They considered all the Muslims as brothers.

The Hindus’ economical infrastructure was totally different than that of the Muslims. It rested upon interest (Riba) strictly prohibited (haram) in the Muslims core values.

The Muslims had strong belief in the right of private ownership whether man or woman. The Hindus had no such system. In addition to this, there were perfect quantitative laws of inheritance whereas the Hindus community was devoid of them.

The Hindus believed in the multiplication and augmentation of money with the money itself. Whereas multiplication of money with the help of money was considered as strictly forbidden.

Commerce (Regular & Private) 2004

Q.23: Show that Hugh the Miller was a selfish person by giving examples from the story of “The Devoted Friend”. 10

Ans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and very acton proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Once it so happened that the Miller went to see Hans after the winter season. Hans was very much pleased to see the Miller. The Miller inquired after Hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had to sell his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. Now he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The Miller as usual wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The Miller promised to give him his wheel – barrow, although it was out of order. At this, Hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that his himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaired on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel – barrow.

The Miller also used Hans as a porter. He made him carry a sack of flour to the market under the pressure of his promised kindness of handing a wheelbarrow to him. Hans obeyed him silently. He also asked him to work as a goatherd and even took him to his mill as a laborer if one of them of was absent or he needed extra work to be done.

Finally, one night the cruel Miller came to Hans and told him that his son had fallen from a ladder. He sent Hans to call the doctor. It was a stormy night and it rained heavily when Hans went to call the doctor. He reached the Doctor’s house and asked him to rush to the house of the Miller to help his son. But while coming back, Hans drowned in a pool of water, and his dead body was taken out of the pool in the morning.

The miserable end of the little Hans reminds us:

“A friend in need is a friend indeed”.

Q.24: Act III of the Silver Box, exposes the British System of justice. Which only punishes the poor. Do you agree? Give reason for your opinion. 10

Ans. In the drama The Silver Box, there are two families: one is a rich family whose head is Mr. Barthwick who is a member of parliament whereas the other is a poor family that of whose is Mr. James Jones. He is a society smitten man as he has been out of work for the last couple of months and no contribution is offered to him from any of his associates to help him to survive with his family comprising of his three children and a wife. He search for the job is on but for the survival of the family his wife. Jane Jones, takes the responsibility on her shoulders and starts to work as a maid. She is employed at the House of the MP, Mr. Barthwick. This is the beginning of their bad luck; which lasts for the rest of their life.

“Misfortunes always come in by a door that has been left open for them”.

Junior barthwick, the son of the MP, has been out late for his daily activities and under the influence of wine he steals a lady’ purse and returns to his home at late night. When he comes back and tries to open the lock of his door, he is so intoxicated that he is hardly able to open it. Jones, who is in the vicinity, seeing this comes forward to help him. The junior in order to compensate for his curtsey takes him into his house and offers him wine and smoke. He further offers him to take anything whatever please him. Jones after drinking a lot leaves the house under liquor and takes with the silver box and the purse stolen by the junior. Upon inquiry of the stealing the silver box, Mrs. Jones is supposed to be responsible for all the mishap. When the police radi her house, box is found from there.

Here the author says that crimes of both the junior and Jones are same but their social position is different. The Junior’s father an MP, when comes to know that his son has been involved in a theft incidents, makes his best to take his son out of the trail. He advises his counsel, Roper, to present the story in such a way all the consequences are directed towards Jones and he should be the one to face music and be victimized. The junior, on the advice of his advocate, is compelled to change his statement.

The junior refuses to identify Jones and a mere theft case turns into robbery against Jones. On this Jones pleads and says:

“Well, I do, and my words as good as yours”.

Jones tries to make the Justice know about eh stealing of the lady’s purse but the judge turns his plea down:

“You ask him wot made him take the lad’s (purse)”.

Despite being innocent, Mrs. Jones is accused of stealing the box and in the end she is fired from her job. A maid accused of stealing is hard to be employed anywhere. This is the tragic end of the story where the head of the family is imprisoned and the money earner of the family is fired whereas the rich, Junior Barthwick is freed with esteem.

“He who commits injustice is ever more wretched that he who suffers it”.

This end shows that the judgment was unfair because having committed the same crime. Junior Barthwick is freed on the other hand the poor fellow, Jones is sentenced for one month imprisonment as he is from the lower clas of the society.

“Law grinds the poor and rich man rule the world”

Q.25: Narrate some interesting events of “The Day the Dam Broke”. 10

Ans. The Day the Dam Broke is an amusing, entertaining but condemnable story reflecting the mob mentality, which blindly and insensibly follows what is going around.

“The mob has many heads but no brains”.

(Rivarol)

The author in the story depict a real incident of his childhood when the people of his town reacted insensibly on hearing an alarming rumour of the breaking of the Ohio River dam. The rumour brings a panic to the entire town and the normal living gets disturbed completely. The geographical location of the author’s city is such that its western side is adjacent to the Ohio River and is in deep steep. The public common perception was that as the western side was in steep that was why it was totally unsafe being there. So rushed towards the eastern side which bring at the higher side could be a safer option. Their running in the form of streams, taking refuge at the higher places at the eastern side, shouting and, screaming was all, what which gave birth to a wild panic.

“Panic is the stampede of our self possession”.

Following are the some interesting incidents form the story:

The author was at home with his family when people started streaming his street shouting go east and finding refuge. When the author’s mother realized the situation. She immediately thought of fleeing from the home but the grandfather became an obstacle in the escape as his opinion about the panic was truly based upon a deep misconception. Finding no way to got out they had toe make their grandfather unconscious by striking an iron board on his head. This how they remained successful in fleeing the house and saving their lives.

People were gathering in the stream from every corner of the city and the stream was getting thicker and thicker gradually. Mixing of army and other law enforcement agencies produced colours in the streams as they were in uniforms of different colours.

When the author’s aunt was in a movie theatre, there happened a strange incident. It so happened that an early man sitting near the aunt mumbled something and went upto the aisle like a dog trout. This startled everybody and people in-groups raised from their seats to watch the amazing scene. Meanwhile a small lady taking the situation as a panic shouted for “fire”. This made the situation extremely chaotic in theatre.

Arts (Regular & Private) 2004

Q.26: Liaqat Ali Khan was a true representative of our country. Prove this statement by referring to the lesson “Pakistan and the Modern World”.

Ans. The first prime minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, on his visit to the USA, makes speeches before the highly qualified and educated American nation. The sole idea of his all speeches was to make the American realize of the ideology of Pakistan justification of his all speeches was to make the American realize of the ideology of Pakistan, justification of the creation of Pakistan, its importance in the Asian and the World’s affairs and finally its role as a peace friendly nation for the whole world around.

During his discussion on all the above points, he gives his ideas on freedom. He says that common perception of freedom is that when there is no foreign power ruling over the country; the country is said to be free and this phenomenon is called freedom. Whereas according to him, the same is idea an obsolete one and it is contradictory to the sole concept underlying freedom. He says that as long as the nation is cfuond sunk in illiteracy and ignorance and away from education, it cannot be said free despite the nation is considered free in the international circle. It is something what which glitters but not gold.

“Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of is fortune”.

(Plato)

The other important feature, according to Liaquat Ali Khan, if misses, deprives the nation of being free despite being called free. It is the in-completion and non-fulfilling of their desires, basic needs such as bread, shelter, protection, an honorable service an status and their little hopes. Without these the life of the common man and woman seems dull and empty and it cannot be assumed as a free life.

If the nation is found struggling with wide spread diseases with either no or insufficient support fro the government, the nation is supposed to be enslaved and it cannot be accepted as a free nation as the basis human rights violation is there.

The above proves that he was the true speaker for Pakistan whose services are simply unforgettable for the nation.

Q.27: Compare Hugh with the Hans in the story “The Devoted Friend”.

Ans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the other sin his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true, friend of the little Hans except his only tongue. It was his only and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of leigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Following are the few incidents of the story which explain that the Miller was none but an exploiter of the simplicity and innocence of the little Hans:

Once it so happened that the Miller went to see Hans after the winter season. Hans was very much pleased to see the Miller. The miller inquired after hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had to sell his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. Now he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The Miller as usual wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The miller promised to give him his wheel – barrow, although it was out of order. At this, Hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that he himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaired on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel – barrow.

The Miller also used Hans as a porter. He made him carry a sack of flour to the market under the pressure of his promised kindness of handing a wheelbarrow to him. Hans obeyed him silently. He also asked him to work as a goatherd and even took him to his mill as a laborer if one of them of was absent or he needed extra work to be done.

Finally, one night the cruel Miller came to Hans and told him that his son had fallen from a ladder. He sent hans to call the doctor. It was a stormy night and it rained heavily when Hans went to call the doctor. He reached the Doctro’s house and asked him to rush to the house of the Miller to help his son. But while coming back, Hans drowned in a pool of water, and his dead body was taken out of the pool in the morning.

The miserable end of the little Hans reminds us:

“A friend in need is a friend indeed”.

Pre-Engineering 2003

Q.28: Hugh, the rich Miller, was the true friend of the Little Hans. Yes or No? Give reasons.

Ans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Following are the few incidents of the story which explain that the Miller was none but an exploiter of the simplicity and innocence of the little Hans:

Once it so happened that the Miller went to see Hans after the winter season. Hans was very much pleased to see the Miller. The Miller enquired after Hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had to sell his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. Now he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The Miller as usual wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The Miller promised to give him his wheel – barrow, although it was out of order. At this, Hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that he himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaird on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel-barrow.

The Miller also used Hans as a porter. He made him carry a sack of flour to the market under the pressure of his promised kindness of handing a wheelbarrow to him. Hans obeyed him silently. He also asked him to work as a goatherd and even took him to his mill as a laborer if one of them of was absent or he needed extra work to be done.

Finally, one night the cruel Miller came to Hans and told him that his son had fallen from a ladder. He sent Hans to call the doctor it was a stormy night and it rained heavily when Hans went to call the doctor. He reached the Doctor’s house an asked him to rush to the water, and his dead body was taken out of the pool in the morning.

The miserable end of the little Hans reminds us:

“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

Q.29: Bertrand Russell thinks that the nations of Asia will not find it hard to 1 protect their independence. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answers.

Ans. The outstanding thinker and matchless writer of his time, Bertrand Russell – a philanthropist – had deep sympathics & high regards for the reawaking nations of Asia. After the Second World War, the two new blocs emerged in the world: the American & Russian Bloc. There was bitter hostility between these two blocs and this hostility led the way towards disastrous. The second world war (1939 – 1945) had made the world weak and vulnerable. People were afraid of the outbreak of a new World War and the world could not sustain of the same. The only hope remained there was the new influence of uprising and reawakening nations who were destined to play a decisive role in the international scenario.

But subjection of the past four to five hundred years had outdistanced the east and the Asian countries and they were bound to follow the footsteps of the West in the name of science & Technology. The author believes that in order to place themselves at an elevated position and be independent, the reawakening nations of the East’ should not blindly follow the footsteps of the West. They need to understand the value of their ancient and glorious culture and should not allow themselves to copy the western culture. Despite being a European, he admits that the culture of the East is ancient and glorious whereas that of the same for the Western world is not so inspiring. He says it is the potential capacity of their inherited culture, which can save and make them withstand against the worst form of Western Culture. Adhering to cultural and moral values is the only way, which can save them from another domination of the western world.

“The foundation of culture is at the moral sentiment”.

(Emerson)

He advises the reawakening nations of Asia that independence for the sake of mere independence should not be the aim and objective. And according to him independence from a foreign domination is an outworn idea as no action can truly be free and independent of its cultural values are ceased. He admonishes the Eastern countries that they could preserve their independence, solidarity and integrity provided they don’t become the part neither American nor Russian bloc. As in this way, they may not experience the cumulative interest of the bloc and will gang their own gate.

He advises them they should be optimistic and should see the bright side of the Western conquests but they need not follow the blunders the West has committed. The West has attained the heights of the progress and prosperity in all walks of life but on the other hand its tendency towards the mass destructive weapons is an open secret and the love of power over other human beings. The author assumes that the downfall of the West is mainly because of the same. In connection of the same, the author refrains the Eastern nations to avoid such temptations and advises them to adopt the way of peace along with the struggle towards prosperity.

Q.30: In what ways the Act III of “The Silver Box” criticizes the British Society? Discuss in detail.

Ans. John Galsworthy, the author of the story “The Silver Box” is known as one of the greatest philosophers and advocates of socialism. His most of the dramas like The Silver Box present the real and true picture of the cultured British Society which looks to claim of having balanced rights for every individual belonging to any status of the society. He unveils a very delicate issued of the society that like every society; British Society follows the principal of “might is right” and has its sympathies with those who are might and influential but not those who are right.

“Law grinds the poor and rich man rule the world”.

In the drama The Silver Box, there are two families: one is a rich family whose head is Mr. Barthwick who is a member of parliament whereas the other is a poor family that of whose is Mr. James Jones. He is a society – smitten man as he has been out of work for the last couple of months and no contribution is offered to him from any of his associates to help him to survive with his family comprising of his three children and a wife. He search for the job is on but for the survival of the family his wife, Jane, Jones, takes the responsibility on her shoulders and starts to work as a maid. She is employed at the House of the MP, Mr. Barwick. This is the beginning of their bad luck, which lasts for the rest of their life.

“Misfortunes always come in by a door that has been left open for them”.

Junior Barthwick, the son of the MP, has been out late for his daily activities and under the influence of wine he steals a lady’s purse and returns to his home at late night. When he comes back and tries to open the lock of his door, he is so intoxicated that he is hardly able to open it. Jones, who is the vicinity, seeing this comes forward to help him. The junior in order to compensate for his curtsey takes him into his house and offers him wine and smoke. He further offers him to take anything whatever pleases him. Jones after drinking a lot leaves the house under liquor and takes with the silver box and the purse stolen by the junior. Upon inquiry of the stealing the silver box, Mrs. Jones is supposed to be responsible for all the mishap. When the police raid her house, box is found from there.

Here the author says that crimes of both the junior and Jones are same but there social position is different. The junior’s father, an MP, when comes to know that his son has been involved in a theft incidents, makes his best to take his son out of the trial. He advises his counsel, Roper, to present the story in such a way all the consequences are directed towards Jones and he should be the one to face music and be victimized. The junior, on the advice of his advocate, is compelled to change his statement.

The junior refuses to identify Jones and a mere theft case turns into robbery against Jones. On this Jones pleads and says:

“Well, I do, and my words as good as yours”.

Jones tries to make the Justice know about he stealing of the lady’s purse but the judge turns his plea down:

“You ask him wot made him take the lad’s (purse)”.

Despite being innocent, Mrs. Jones is accused of stealing the box and in the end she is fired from her job. A maid accused of stealing is hard to be employed anywhere. This is the tragic end of the story where the head of the family is imprisoned and the money earner of the family is fired whereas the rich, Junior Barthwick, is freed with esteem.

“He who commits injustice is ever more wretched than he whos suffers it.”.

Pre-Medical / Commerce 2003

Q.31: Describe the moments of tension and suspense in the story “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb”.

Ans. “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” is an effective, sensational and extremely absorbing little pieice of melo-drama. It may be noted that melo-drama is a kind of drama whose end is sweet along with the murder of the evildoer. The cunning lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, is the evildoer of the play who has killed two innocent pedestrians when she drives unlawfully fast to accomplish her bet. For her act of brutality, she receives a light sentence of 18 months imprisonment, as there was no eyewitness. The head of the family, who is out of the city, when the lady kills his wife and little daughter in the road accident. No sooner does he get himself freed from army, returns to the country to avenge the lady as he assumes the punishment as contrary to justice.

“Punishment should be appropriate to the crime”.

He finds her in the waiting room of the country railway junction. Both are in wait of the express train scheduled to arrive at 2100 Hours. There are twenty minutes in the arrival of the express train. First the man fails to identify the lady as Mrs. Oakentubb but the label on the lady’s suitcase makes him believe that the lady may be the same or at least has some relation with her. There starts a cat-rat game between them. The successfully plays part and pretends herself as another lady who is familiar with Mrs. Oakentubb. But her attitude towards him; avoiding him at many points and her being scared needlessly make him think that she is the lady he is looking for.

As the lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, has taken the life of his innocent wife and daughter in order to accomplish her bet only. That is why the man wants to kill her in the most painful way. Following are the moments of where both the tension and the suspense are at zenith:

When the man throws his coat and hat at the table, against the back wall, his glance falls over the label of the lady’s suitcase. This makes him doubtful that the lady either be herself the same lady or has some association with her. In order to ensure it, he asks her about the lady, Mrs. Judy Oakentubb, living at Satinthrope. He notices her reactions when he asks her about the same. Her starling indicates that there is something to smell rat.

When in the connecting speeches, he disclosed that he has been in hunt of the lady as he aims at avenging her the innocence death of his wife and daughter. His disclosing this brings a wave of turmoil and fear to her, as she is herself aware that it is unjust on her part. She tries her best to hide the tage at her earliest without bringing it into his notice. This is the peak of her tension and fear needlessly.

When the discussion goes on between them, he informs the lady that he aims at killing Mrs. Oakentubb soon. On her asking he conforms that this is an execution of justice for him and he wants it be done by the same night. This makes the lady extremely scared, as she is alone with him at a stormy night, with no one is in the vicinity. A slight mistake from her could make her identity unveil to him. Now she has to play a double role. At one end she tries to hide herself and the same time she persuades him to make her leave the aim of punishing and taking avenge of the lady. She tries to cool down his temper whenever it shoots. But when he advances towards her malevolently, her all acting stops and she is about to scream. But his saying that whatever he has been telling her was merely a story releases the tension.

This is how the fluctuating tension and suspense keep going on together till the evildoer meets her miserable end she derives for.

“No one can escape the consequences of his deeds”.

Q.32: Why was Jones punished and Jack was left off Scot-free in “The Silver Box”?

Ans. John Galsworthy, the author of the story “The Silver Box” is known as one of the greatest philosophers and advocates of socialism. His most of the most of the drama like The Silver Box present the real and true picture of the cultured British Society which looks to claim of having balanced rights for every individual belonging to any status of the society. He unveils a very delicate issue of the society that like every society; British Society follows the principle of “might is right” and has its sympathies with those who are mighty and influential but not those who are right.

“Law grinds the poor and rich man rules the world”.

In the drama The Silver Box, there are two families: one is a rich family whose head is Mr. Barthwick who is a member of parliament whereas the other is poor family whose head is Mr. James Jones. He is a society – smitten man as he has been out of work for the last couple of months and no contribution is offered to him from any of his associates to help him to survive with his family comprising of his three children and a wife. He search for the job is on but for the survival of the family his wife, Jane Jones, takes the responsibility on her shoulders and starts to work a maid. She is employed at the House to the MP, Mr. Barwick. This is the beginning of their bad luck, which lasts for the rest of their life.

“Misfortunes always come in by a door that has been left open for them”.

Junior Barthwich, the son of the MP, has been out late for his daily activities and under the influence of wine he steals a lady’s purse and returns home. The liquor taken in excessive quantity hampers him to unlock the door and Jones who is nearby the door helps him open the door. On account of his help, the junior takes, him into the house and offers him both smoking and drinking and falls asleep. Jones makes the most of the offer and on his way home, takes with him not only the silver box but also the lady’s pursue stolen by the junior.

Here, the author emphasizes that the nature of both the crimes is same. It means both offense based on stealing under intoxication. The junior’s father an MP, when comes to know that his son has been involved in a theft incidents, makes his best to take his son out of the trial. He advises his counsel, Roper, to present the story in such a way all the consequences are directed towards Jones and he should be the one to face music and be victimized. The junior, on the advice of his advocate and father, is compelled to change his statement.

The junior refuses to identify Jones and a mere theft case turns into robbery against Jones. On this Jone pleads and says:

“Well, I do, and my words as good as yours”.

Jones tries to make the Justice know about the stealing of the lady’s purse bu the judge turns his plea down:

“You ask him wot made him take the lad’s (purse)”.

Despite being innocent, Mrs. Jones is accused of stealing the box and in the end she is fired from her job. A maid accused of stealing is hard to be employed anywhere. This the tragic end of the story where the head of the family is fired whereas the rich, Junior Barthwick, is freed with esteem.

“He who commits injustice is ever more wretched than who suffers it”.

Humanities Group (Regular) 2003

Q.31: Why do the European historians term the centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire as “The Dark Ages” Discuss in the light of the lesson “Reflections on the Reawakening East”.

Ans. The progression of the alternation of power between the East and the West has been the part of the history since its beginning and even before. The domination of the East was unparallel since the beginning of the history but it was the non-stop conquests of Alexander The Great, which brought forward Greece as a might nation with all the flourishing features a developed nation dreams of. This domination lasted for the next seven to eight hundred years. The advent of Islam in the Arab and the wise leadership of the Muslim Caliphs provided enormous breakthroughs to them, this turned the table into the East favour. China and other countries, in the same period were rich in culture; power and tradition. Especially the T’and Dynasty provided China a flourishing platform and in the beginning of the same dynasty and its following empires kept giving China a successful status in the affairs of the World.

On the other hand, the sun of Roman Empire’s glory was about to set. The immature and unwise leadership of the Roman Empire proved to be as striking the last nail in the coffin. They got away from their religion and sank into wine and prime of the woman’s youth. The uprising Islam was an absolute menace to them and the way of their living; they tried their hardest to cope with it but their over confidence in their power and strength made them drown. Very large part of what had been the Roman ones were conquered by Islam. Their domination was clear and the missionary forces had to surrender.

Apart from Islam another menace was fast approaching to it the menace of barbarians. In those days, Christian Church had a deep influence over the people and its decision was ultimate. The abbots of the churches had the dual responsibility to educate and literate the masses. The barbarians killed almost all the abbots and thus spreading of knowledge and education stopped. Due to the massive killings of the abbots and further grooming of new ones to replace them, Europeans term the period as “The Dark Ages”. And they look justified in their statement.

But the author, Bertrand Russell, who himself was a European, totally rejects the idea and treats it as not more than a lame excuse. He says that if it were a period of darkness, there should have been darkness in the world not in Europe only. All over the world, in those areas, which were either in the control of the Muslims or the other Eastern nations, no such darkness existed there. Particularly in those parts of the Europe, which were under the missionary rules, were dark whereas the rest of the parts like Spain had a brilliant culture at the same time.

The author fully condemns calling the period as “The Dark Ages” and terms it as an unpardonable insularity of the Europeans.

Q.32: What does the James Thruber mean when he says “We were both ennobled and demoralized by the experience? Elaborate.

Ans. The Day the Dam Broke is an amusing, entertaining but condemnable story reflecting the mob mentality, which blindly and insensibly follows what is going around.

“The mob has many heads but no brains”.

(Rivarol)

The author in the story depicts a real incident of his childhood when the people of his town reacted insensibly on hearing an alarming rumour of the breaking of the Ohio River dam. The rumour brings a panic to the entire town and the normal living gets disturbed completely. The geographical location of the author’s city is such that its western side is adjacent to the Ohio River and is in deep steep. The public common perception was that as the western side was in steep that was why it was totally unsafe being there. So they rushed towards the eastern side which being at the higher side could be a safer option. Their running in the form of streams, taking refuge at the higher places at the eastern side, shouting and, screaming was all, what which gave birth to a wild panic.

“Panic is the stampede of our self possession”.

The author recalls the incident as an incident that he readily wants to forget at any rate. He says though it was a two-hour-incident yet its effects lasted on him for more than twenty years. The experience exposed the moral and demoralizing features prevailed in the society there.

He says that they were ennoble in such a way that people were seen helping, warning others to the danger and cooperating in any way. But the sense of responsibility and the daring features exhibited by his grandfather have occupied a permanent place in his memory and their splendor can never be lost. It so happened that he, the grandfather, who mistook the panic as an invasion of the Nathan Bedford Forrest Cavalry who was a rebellion group lived in the western side. He forbade all the home members of going out and escaping the home unless his sons came back brandishing his old army saber. This shows his responsibility as despite being old and weak he determined to stand up to the rebellion forces.

In the similar way they were demoralized by the experience in such a way that considering the delicacy of the incident most of the people gave in and surrendered. They lost their courage and didn’t look into the authenticity of the news and fearing lest the roaring water should sweep them where they could not come from forever burnt their remaining courage and fortitude.

Commerce & Arts Private 2003

Q.33: Is the Miller a truly devoted friend or not? Discuss with reference to the lesson “The Devoted Friend.”

Ans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the other in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Following are the few incidents of the story which explain that the Miller was none but an exploiter of the simplicity and innocence of the little Hans:

Once it is happened that he Miller went to see Hans after the winter season. Hans was very much pleased to see the Miller. The Miller enquired after Hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had to sell his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. Now he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The Miller as usual wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The Miller promised to give him his wheel – barrow, although it was out of order. At this, Hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that he himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaired on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel – barrow.

The Miller also used Hans as a porter. He made him carry a sack of flour to the market under the pressure of his promised kindness of handing a wheelbarrow to him. Hans obeyed him silently. He also asked him to work a goatherd and even took him to his mill as a laborer if one of them of was absent or he needed extra work to be done.

Finally, one night the cruel Miller came to Hans and told him that his son had fallen from a ladder. He sent Hans to call the doctor. It was a stormy night and it rained heavily when Hans went to call the doctor. He reached the Doctor’s house and asked him to rush to the house of the Miller to help his son. But while coming back, Hans drowned in a pool of water, and his dead body was taken out of the pool in the morning.

The miserable end of the little Hans reminds us:

“A friend in need is a friend indeed”.

Q.34: How did the panic last and how was

Ans. The Day the Dam Broke is an amusing, entertaining but condemnable story reflecting the mob mentality, which blindly and insensibly follows what is going around.

“The mob has many heads but no brains”.

The author in the story depicts a real incident of his childhood when the people of his town reacted insensibly on hearing an alarming rumour of the breaking of the Ohio River dam. The rumour brings a panic to the entire town and the normal living gets disturbed completely. The geographical location of the author’s city is such that its western side is adjacent to the Ohio River and is in deep steep. The public common perception was that as the western side was in steep that was why it was totally unsafe being there. So rushed towards the eastern side which being at the higher side could be a safer option. Their running in the form of streams, taking refuge at the higher places at the eastern side, shouting and, screaming was all, what which gave birth to a wild panic.

“Panic is the stampede of our self possession”.

The author recalls the incident as an incident that he readily wants to forget at any rate. He says though it was a two-hour-incident yet its effects lasted for more than twenty years. The experience exposed the moral and demoralizing features prevailed in the society there.

The restoration of the normal situation was a hard task as the panic had spread to the every corner of the town. As the people were thinking it their responsibility to warn the others of the danger of the flood that was why it kep increasing like a grassfire. When the situation was tried to be controlled by the army, it first worsened it; as the people misunderstood their announcement of “The dam has not broken” to be as “The dam has NOW broken”.

In addition to this it was hard for them to believe that the breaking of the dam news was merely a rumour and they thought it as a joke. But continues announcement from the law enforcing agencies and seeing no signs of the on coming water helped restore the situation but not more than two hours before.

Pre-Engineering 2002

Q.35: What is the concept of freedom with Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan and how can that freedom be achieved?

Ans. The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, on his visit to the USA, makes speeches before the highly qualified and educated American nation. The sole idea of his all his speeches was to make the American realize of the ideology of Pakistan, justification of the creation of Pakistan, its importance in the Asian and the World’s affairs and finally its role as a peace friendly nation for the whole world around.

During his discussion on all the above points, he gives his ideas on freedom. He says that common perception of freedom is that when there is no foreign power ruling over the country; the country is said to be free and this phenomenon is called freedom. Whereas according to him, the same is idea an obsolete one and it is contradictory to the sole concept underlying freedom. He says that as long as the nation is found sunk in illiteracy and ignorance and away from education, it cannot be said free despite the nation is considered free in the international circle. It is something what which glitters but not gold.

“Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of is fortune”.

(Plato)

The other important feature, according to Liaquat Ali Khan, if misses, deprives the nation of being free despite being called free. It is the incompletion and non-fulfilling of their desires, basic needs such as bread, shelter, protection, an honorable service and status and their little hopes. Without these the life of the common man and woman seems dull and empty and it cannot be assumed as a free life.

If the nation is found struggling with wide spread disease with either no or insufficient support from the government, the nation is supposed to be enslaved and it cannot be accepted as a free nation as the basis human rights violation is there.

Q.36: Discuss the author’s attitude towards human behaviour in “The Day the Dam Broke”.

Ans. The Day the Dam Broke is an amusing, entertaining but condemnable story reflecting the mob mentality, which blindly and insensibly follows what is going around.

“The mob has many heads but no brains”.

(Rivarol)

The author in the story depicts a real incident of his childhood when the people of his town reacted insensibly on hearing an alarming rumour of the breaking of the Ohio River dam. The rumour brings a panic to the entire town and the normal living gets disturbed completely. The geographical location of the author’s city is such that its western side is adjacent to the Ohio River and is in deep steep. The public common perception was that as the wester side was in steep that was why it was totally unsafe being there. So rushed towards the eastern side which being at the higher side could be a safer option. Their running in the form of streams, taking refuge at the higher plaes at the eastern side, shouting and, screaming was all, what which gave birth to a wild panic.

“Panic is the stampede of our self possession”.

The author recalls the incident as an incident that he readily wants to forget at any rate. He says though it was a two-hour-incident yet its effect lasted for more than twenty years. The experience exposed the moral and demoralizing features prevailed in the society there.

The restoration of the normal situation was a hard task as the panic had spread to the every corner of the town. As the people were thinking it their responsibility to warn the others of the danger of the flood that was why it kept increasing like a grassfire. When the situation was tried to be controlled by the army, it first worsened it; as the people misunderstood their announcement of “The dam has not broken” to be as “The dam has NOW broken”.

In addition to this it was hard for them to believe that the breaking of the dam news was merely a rumour and they thought it as a joke. But continuous announcement from the lay enforcing agencies and seeing no signs of the on coming water helped restore the situation but not more than two hours before.

“How much have cost the evils that never happened”.

(Jefferson)

Q.37: Act III of the silver Box is a powerful and bitter play which criticizes English courts. Elucidate.

Ans. John Galssworthy, the author of the story “The Silver Box” is known as one of the greatest philosophers and advocates of socialism. His most of the most of the most of the drama like. The Silver Box present the real and true picture of the cultured British Society which looks to claim of having balanced rights for every individual belonging to any status of the society. He unveils a very delicate issue of the society that like every society; British Society follows the principle of “might is right” and has its sympathies with those who are mighty and influential but not those who are right.

“Law grinds the poor and rich man rules the world”.

In the drama The Silver Box, there are two families: one is a rich family whose head is Mr. Barthwick who is a member of parliament whereas the other is a poor family whose head is Mr. James Jones. He is society – smitten man as he has been out of work for the last couple of months and no contribution is offered to him from any of his associates to help him to survive with his family comprising of his three children and a wife. He search for the job is on but for the survival of the family his wife, Jane Jones, takes the responsibility on her shoulders and starts to work a maid. She is employed at the House of the MP, Mr. Barthwick. This is the beginning of their bad luck, which lasts for the rest of their life.

“Misfortunes always come in by a door that has been left open for them”.

Junior Barthwick, the son of the MP, has been our late for his daily activities and under the influence of wine he steals a lady’s purse and returns home. The liquor taken in excessive quantity hampers him to unlock the door and Jones who is nearby the door helps him open the door. On account of his help, the junior takes him into the house and offers him both smoking and drinking and falls asleep. Jones makes the most of the offer and on his way home, takes with him not only the silver box but also the lady’s purse stolen by the junior.

Here, the author emphasizes that the nature of both the crimes is same. It means both offences based on stealing under intoxication. The junior’s father, an MP, when comes to know that his son has been involved in a theft incidents, makes his best to take his son out of the trial. He advises his counsel, Roper, to present the story in such a way all the consequences are directed towards Jones and he should be the one to face music and be victimized. The junior, on the advice of his advocate and father, is compelled to change his statement.

The junior refuses to identify Jones and a mere theft case turns into robbery against Jones. On this Jones pleads and says:

“Well, I do, and my words as good as yours”.

Jones tries to make the Justice know about the stealing of the lady’s purse but the judge turns his plea down:

“You ask him wot made him take the lad’s (purse)”.

Despite being innocent, Mrs. Jones is accused of stealing the box and in the end she is fired from her job. A main accused of stealing is hard to be employed anywhere. This the tragic end of the story where the head of the family is imprisoned and the money-earner of the family is fired whereas the rich, Junior Barthwick, is freed with esteem.

“He who commits injustice is ever more wretched than who suffers it”.

Q.38: The Devoted Friend is a story of one-sided friendship. Comment.

Ans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Following are the few incidents of the story which explain that the Miller was none but an exploiter of the simplicity and innocent of the little Hans.

Once it so happened that the Miller went to see Hans after the winter season. Hans was very much pleased to see the Miller. The Miller enquired after Hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had to sell his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. Now he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The Miller again wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The Miller promised to give him his wheel – barrow, although it was out of order. At this, Hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that he himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaired on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel – barrow.

The Miller also used Hans as a porter. He made him carry a sack of flour to the market under the pressure of his promised kindness. Hans obeyed him silently. He also asked him to work as a goatherd and even took him to his mill as a laborer if one of them of was absent or he needed extra work to be done.

Finally, one night the cruel Miller came to Hans and told him that his son had fallen from a ladder. He sent Hans to call the doctor. It was a stormy night and it rained heavily when Hans went to call the doctor. He reached the Doctor’s house and asked him to rush to the house of the Miller to help his son. But while coming back, Hans drowned in a pool of water, and his dead body was taken out of the pool in the morning.

Q.39: In the lesson “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb”, the author first takes the tension and suspense at peak and then releases it. Discuss.

Ans. “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakenubb” is an effective, sensational and extremely absorbing little piece of melo-drama. It may be noted that melo-drama is a kind of drama whose end is sweet along with the murder of the evildoer. The cunning lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, is the evildoer of the play who has killed two innocent pedestrians when she drives unlawfully fast to accomplish her bet. For her act of brutality, she receives a light sentence of 18 months imprisonment, as there was no eyewitness. The head of the family is out of the city, when the lady kills his wife and little daughter in the road accident. No sooner does he get himself freed from army returns to the country to avenge the lady as he assumes the punishment as contrary to justice.

“Punishment should be appropriate to the crime”.

He finds her in the waiting room of the country railway junction. Both are in wait of the express train scheduled to arrive at 2100 Hours. There are twenty minutes in the arrival of the express train. First the man fails to identify the lady as Mrs. Oakentubb but the label on the lady’s suitcase makes him believe that the lady may be the same or at least has some relation with her. There starts a cat-rat game between them. The successfully plays part and pretends herself as another lady who is familiar with Mrs. Oakentubb. But her attitude towards him; avoiding him at many points and her being scared needlessly make him think that she is the lady he is looking for.

As the lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, has taken the life of his innocent wife and daughter in order to accomplish her bet only. That is why the man wants to kill her in the most painful way. Following are the moments of where both the tension and the suspense are at zenith:

When the man throws his coat and hat at the table, against the back wall, hi glance falls over the label of the lady’s suitcase. This makes him doubtful that the lady either be herself the same lady or has some association with her. In order to ensure it, he asks her about the lady, Mrs. Judy Oakentubb, living at Satinthrope. He notices her reactions when he asks her about the same. Her starting indicates that there is something to smell rat.

When in the connecting speeches, he disclose that he has been in hunt of the lady as he aims at avenging her of the innocence death of his wife and daughter. His disclosing this brings a wave of turmoil and fear to her, as she is herself aware that it is unjust on her part. She tries her best to hide the tag at her earliest without brining it into his notice. This is the peak of her tension and fear needlessly.

When the discussion goes on between them, he informs the lady that he aims at killing Mrs. Oakentubb soon. On her asking he conforms that this is an execution of justice for him and he wants it be done by the same night. This makes the lady extremely scared, as she is alone with him at a stormy night with no one is in the vicinity. A slight mistake from her could make her identity unveil to him. Now she has to play a double role. At one end she tries to hide herself and the same time she persuades him to make her leave the aim of punishing and taking avenge of the lady. She tries to cool down his temper whenever it shoots. But when he advances towards her malevolently, her all acting stops and she is about to scream. But his saying that whatever he has been telling her was merely a story releases the tension.

This is how the fluctuating tension and suspense keep going on together till the evildoer meets her miserable end she derives for.

“No one can escape the consequences of his deeds”.

Q.40: What arguments does late Liquate Ali Khan give to justify the creation and existence of Pakistan?

OR

Give the summary of the speech made by Liquate Ali Khan before the Americans.

The matchless leader immediately after taking the charge as the First PM of Pakistan received an invitation from the USSR followed by America’s . He took the decision of going America and regretted from the USSR. During his visit to America he visited to Kansa City University where he addressed the Americans. He played a prominent role there in justifying the position of Pakistan in every aspect.

He told the people of America how and why the demand for Pakistan was made. He told that the demand was made safeguard the Muslims living in this sub-continent. Previously the Bruises rules India and there lived one hundred million Muslims in it. The Hindus formed a majority as they were three hundred millions. When India was going to win freedom, Muslims realized that even after getting their freedom they would have to live as a political minority. They knew that in united India they would be ruled by a Hindu majority; and therefore, freedom from the British would mean for them only a change of masters.

It was not only the difference of religion that made the Muslims a separate nation but also there were some other differences which separated the Muslims from the Hindus. The Hindus believed in the caste system, while the Muslims believed in the equality of all men. Their economic views were also very different. Besides, as the Hindus were much larger in number, the Muslims were very backward and the Hindu majority was sure to make them still poorer. It was crystal clear for them that their rights were going to be freezed and their social status would grow even worse.

It was for these reasons that Muslims demanded for a country of their own. The demand was a just one. There were vast areas where Muslims were in majority. They were in great number and could from a bigger than many nations of the world. There fore a separate homeland for them meant freedom and self-government. The demand for Pakistan also promised for the Hindus freedom from a big minority. It was under these circumstances that Pakistan came into bringing. If it were not so, differences between the Hindus and the Muslims would have led to un-imaginable troubles.

Q.41: What, in brief, is Einstein’s attitude to leader-ship? On what grounds does he put the individual above the state? What are his views on war and religion?

OR

Give the summary of the ideas presented by Albert Einstein in the lesson The World As I See it.

Albert Einstein in the opening lines of the lesson discussed the cause, which is behind the creation and the actual purpose of mankind. He stressed that everyone should be aware of the social responsibilities and should be something in return for the society. He stresses on the life with an object and highly condemns a life without any object. Money, ease and luxury – ordinary objects of human endeavour – are worthless to him.

Einstein believed in democracy and in the freedom of the individual. He pleads to “Let every man be respected as an individual and no one be idolized”. Though he himself has been idolized in his own life – time, yet he has never appreciated it. The reason why some people become idolized as leaders is to be found in man’s desire to follow. Self abasement it as strong an impulse in man as “self-assertion. Of Course it is quite necessary for the success of every plan that one man should do the thrinking and directing, and in general, bear the responsibility. But the led must not be compelled. They should be given freedom, to choose their leaders without any external pressure. A system afforded leadership is bound to fail after some time, and hence, to end. The reason is that force always attracts men of low morality, and Einstein believes, that fools always succeed tyrants. Thus, Einstein that the thing, that has brought discredit to the prevailing form of democracy in Europe, is not be laid at the democratic idea as such, but to the lack of stability on the part of leaders and their government. Thus, unless provisions are made for a free choice, the democratic system is sure to change into autocracy. Einstein believes that the interest of the individual should be respected, and that it should not be sacrificed for the interest of the state. To him the really valuable thing in human life seems to be not the state but the creative individual, the personality. “It alone creates the noble and the sublime. While the herd as such remain dull in though and in feelings”. Einstein regards class differences as contrary to justice, and, in the last resort, based on forced. He believes that plain living is good for every body, both physically and mentally.

Einstein believes that war is the meanest thing. He would rather be cut into a number of pieces than take part in such an evil activity. He believes that human nature is always against wars, and that had the should sense of nations not been spoiled though schools and the press, this curse would have disappeared from the world long ago. Einstein blames the commercial and political motives of interested nations for the propaganda in favour of war. In this view the greatest agencies working for this propaganda have been the educational institution and the press, which are controlled by warmongers.

According to Einstein, the since of wonder forms the first experience of man’s life. Those who are attracted by the mysteries of life are no better than dead. The experience of mystery is the basis of all arts, sciences and religious in the world. Einstein says that he is deeply aware of the hidden forces in the universe and is always trying to understand them. It is only in this sense that he calls himself a religious man. He does not believe in a God who rewards or punishes; nor dose he believe in life after death. He thinks that such views can satisfy only those people who have a weel; will power.

Q.42: What story did the Linnet tell in the lesson “The Devoted Friend”? Does the story contain any moral?

The story as told by the linnet runs briefly thus. Once upon a time there was a Miller named Hugh. He had a devoted friend, named Hans. His profession was gardening. He was a simple fellow and was always ready to help other. Hung used to take a basket full of flowers from Hans’ garden every day, while sometimes-poor Hans had to go without food. During winter Hans used to face a great deal of trouble. There were no flowers in his garden in winter. Therefore, the Miller avoided Hans, lest he should ask him for some flour on credit. This shows that the Miller was a very selfish man and simply befooled poor Hans.

Once it so happened that the Miller went to see Hans after the winder season. Hans was very much pleased to see the Miller. The Miller enquired after Hans told him that he had a very hard time during the winter season and that he had to sell his silver buttons, silver chain and the wheelbarrow. Now he hoped to buy them back after selling the flowers.

The Miller again wanted to have a basket full of flowers. But this time Hans felt sorry for that. The Miller promised to give him his wheel – barrow, although it was out of order. At this, Hans felt much pleased. Hans told him that he had a plank with which he would be able to repair the wheelbarrow. Hearing this, the Miller decided to take advantage of the situation. He said that there was a hole in the roof of his barn, and that he himself was in need of a plank to mend it. Hans gave him the plank and the Miller got his roof repaired on the pretext of giving Hans his wheel – barrow later on, the Miller also used Hans as a porter. He made him carry a sack of flour to the market under the pressure of his promised kindness. Hans obeyed him silently.

Finally, one night the cruel Miller came to Hans and told him that his son had fallen from a ladder. He sent Hans to call the doctor. It was a stormy night and Ur rained heavily when Hans went to call the doctor. He reached the Doctor’s house and asked him to rush to the house of the Miller to help his son. But while coming back, Hans was drowned in a pool of water, and his dead body was taken out of the pool in the morning.

The Moral:

The moral of the story is that it is simply inhumane to be selfish or to look after only one’s own interests at the cost of others.

Q.43: Who is the Hero of the Play “”The Devote Friend”? Write salient features of his character?

Character Sketch of Hans:

The Devoted Friend is a fine piece of satire on the one sided friendship which exists between the Miller and the little Hans. The little Hans is supposed to be the hero of the play following are the salient features of his character.

As a Kind Hearted Man:

The little Hans was indeed a kind-hearted man and he was simply incapable of seeing anyone is in distress and suffering with problems. He says:

“I can never be unfriendly for the whole world.”

Infact it is his kindness of heart that makes him popular among the reaches.

“A Kind heart is more than a coronet”.

As an Innocent Man:

The little Hans was really such an innocent fellow that the limits of innocence seem to end upon him. It was his innocence nature and blind trust on the friendship of the Miller that he never thought of getting anything in return from the Miller, as he knew that he was moving on the path of goodness and it breeds kindness and goodness.

“True innocence is ashamed of nothing.”

As a Sincere Friend:

His sincerity and faithfulness about his friendship and friend was beyond any shadow flaw and blemish. He remained true to his friendship and never betrayed till the last breath of his life and even put his life at stake when he went back to home from he doctor’s home on the land, which was full of deep holes and ditches and where he lost his life.

“Sincerity and truth are the basis of every virtue”

As a Hard Working Man:

He was indeed a hardworking man as he did everything in his garden by himself and never sought fir anyone’s help. It was his hardworking nature that Miller took an advantage and employed him even and odd jobs of his interest and fully exploited him by just putting the temptation of wheelbarrow before him.

He never said NO to Miller for any work and did patiently whatever he asked him. Once he carried a large sack of flour on his shoulder to the market almost 6 miles away.

As a Man of Patience:

He patiently tolerated whatever the Miller asked and hardly did make any complaint. He took the vehicle of friendship solely on his shoulders and never expected anything in return. He made every effort to please the Miller not for this that he would give him his wheelbarrow but merely for the sake of friendship.

“Patience is bitter; but its fruit is sweet.”

As a Man of Honour:

He was really a man of honour. Though he used to pass through great hardships in the winter season but he never went to the Miller or to anyone for help and assistance. He led the life from hand to mouth but never spread his hand for any kind of assistance whether financial or moral.

Conclusion:

In the light of the above depiction, it may be clearly inferred that the little Hans was an extremely sensitive man who has crossed the zenith of the devoted friendship even at the cost of his life. His approach towards friendship was really beyond and apart from materialistic one and the readers feel deep mourning over his miserable death with tears rolling down the cheeks.

TWENTY MINUTES WITH MRS. OAKENTUBB

By FRANK ARTHUR

Introduction:

“Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” is an effective, sensational and extremely absorbing little piece of melo-drama, notable for its skillful manipulation of suspense and thrill. The main theme of the poem is based on the idea of offence and revenge. The flow of suspense is maintained by the author right from the beginning of the play to the end. The play has two major characters of a lady, Mrs. Judy Oakentubb and an ex-army man.

Summary:

In the waiting room of a small railway junction, the two characters of Judy Oakentubb and “He” come across each other just by chance. The night was dark and stormy and rain remained continued throughout in action and the station presented a deserted look.

Mrs. Oakentubb had a suitcase that she had kept on the bench against the back wall. When the gentleman. “He” arrived in the room, his glance fell on the label of lady’s suitcase that bore her name. the gentlemen, “H”, who was actually in search of the killer of his wife and daughter i.e. Mr. Oakentubb, didn’t let her know that he had identified her instead he started to communicate with her to pass the twenty minutes left in the arrival of express train.

During the conversation they discussed on many topics. He also told her about the misfortune fell upon that his wife and daughter were little in a road mishap by a selfish lady, Mr. Oakentubb when she was driving fast to win a bet. He showed her his determination that the brutal act of Judy Oakentubb had persuaded him to take an avenge in this regard.

“Revenge is a kind of wild justice”

Mrs. Oakentubb got fascinated when came to know the determination of the gentleman, He, but she kept herself under control and didn’t reveal her identity to him. But afterwards the ex-soldier disclosed that she was Mrs. Oakentubb and aimed at killing her.

“Punishment should be appropriate to crime.”

Observing herself in a crucial state, the cunning lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, tried to convince him that his wife and daughter were not killed intentionally but accidentally. She started to wind a net of fine piece of acting around him and pretended herself as a conscience-smitten lady who was plainly suffering from her offence. She produced such as environment by weeping and imploring that made “He” realize that she had been suffering internally and deeply from her heartless act and couldn’t escape from the memories of that mishap. She instead of asking for her life, implored for death that according to her was a means of escaping from the mental torture.

He, observing her miserable situation, at once, decided to leave her and giving her no punishment as living with a sense of self-rapprochement was an ideal punishment for the lady.

He says,

“Yes! You are right, It would be a greater punishment to live”.

So, he left the room believing that to compel to live, her with a sense of mental torture would be a greater punishment to him. She, realizing that he had gone stopped her acting and stood as she was making fun of him. He who came to pick up his left suitcase, fired at her. She with all her cleverness fell dead.

Her cunning piece of acting remind the readers Shakespeare’s line:

“Treachery, they name is woman!”

THE DAY THE DAM BROKE

By JAMES THURBER

Introduction:

“The Day the Dam Broke’ is an amusing, interesting and entertaining short story in which writer, JAMES THURBER depicts the mob mentality with great dexterity. This short story is a good example of Thurber’s sardonic but affectionate view of human behaviour. It presents an amazing and very realistic picture of people’s unreasonable behavior on hearing an alarming rumour.

“Stuffing the ear with false report ---- (William Shakespeare)”

Summary:

The author recalls an interesting incident of his early childhood. When in 1913, he lived in the city of Columbus, situated near the Ohio river in the USA with his parents.

He states that on March 12, 1913, High Street, main trade centre, was buzzing with people, who were busy in business affairs. Then suddenly someone started to run towards Broad Street, perhaps he remembered about his meeting with the wife. Also a newsboy started running in high spirit and so on. Soon, everybody on High Street, from the Union Depot to the court house was running. Suddenly a loud mumble of ‘dam’ was heard which further turned in “The dam has broken”, this created a maladjustment in Columbus city, an alarming rumour came into existence that Ohio river had given way and the water was running towards Columbia city. Now a great confusion prevailed in the city.

The eastern side of the city is higher than the western side. Therefore, all the people began to run towards the eastern side. They were much worried and eager to leave their houses, offices and factories etc., as soon as possible and run towards east.

Many of them left car, offices and shops. Women left their children and houses with doors wide open and fire burning in kitchen. About two thousand people were abruptly in full flight, “Go east” was clarion cry, being heard everywhere.

“The mob has many heads but no brains”. ---- (Rivarol)

When the rumour began writer’s ascent was in a movie theatre. She wrote,

“When I reached grant Avenue, I was spent that Dr. H.P. Mullory passed me, there was a boy behind him on roller skates and R. Mallory mistook the swishing of the skates for some of the people covered a distance of 12 miles in order to save their lives and some climbed in trees in Franklin Park. At last the militiamen riding through the city in motor lorries announced that the news about the flood was false and that the dam had not broken. At first it was thought that the militiamen were announcing.

“The dam has now broken” thus setting an official seal of authentication on calamity. But after repeated announcements misunderstanding was removed and order was restored. The people took a sigh of relief when they heard “dam has not broken”. The people returned to their houses and started their normal business. They didn’t joke about the happenings of the day before as everyone was involved in this foolishness.

“How much have cost us the evils that never happened”. ---- (Jeferson)

THE SILVER BOX

By JOHN GALSWORTHY

Introduction:

The play “Silver Box” is written by JOHN GALSWORTHY. As a writer his greatest contribution to the philosophy of his period is his advocacy of socialism. In plays and short stories he has advocated an equitable distribution of wealth. The dramas such as “Strife” and “The Silver Box” are an effort on the part of the writer to warn the English nation that if the condition of the poor was not bettered there were every danger of civil maladjustment.

Summary:

As the third act of the play starts, the scene of a British Police Court is before us. First of all the case of two small girls is presented before the justice. On inquiry it was found that their father was out of job and their mother had broken the house, and gone away with a man in her husband’s