Tuesday, July 28, 2009

Prose Explanation with RTC for Intermediate 2 (with quotations)


Contents of the Set:

Reference to the Context from “Prose Section” from Papers 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 & 2008

(Science, Commerce, Arts & Humanities)


Science 2008

Q.1: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following 10

(a) No I beg for my death! Kill me! Blot out that picture which is always before my eyes and which I can’t endure.

Note: For reference to the Context and Explanation, Please see “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” Page Number: & Passage Number: 4

(b) If human life is to be tolerable, it cannot be wholly mechanized. It must continue to contain poetry and music and art and simple joys of life.

Science 2007

Q.2: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following 10

(a) You are very lazy. Really considering that I am going to give you my wheelbarrow I think you might work harder.

Reference:

The above lines are an extract from a story of one sided friendship called “The Devoted Friend” written by Oscar Wilde. It is about the rich Miller and the poor gardener, the little Hans.

Context:

The Devoted friend is a satire on the one-sided friendship existed between the rich Miller and the simple and trusty the Little Hans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Explanation:

The above words are spoken by the rich Miller to his simple and trusting friend the Little Hans. The Miller is an exploiter and never does he miss any chance to salvage the Little Hans. He prepares Little Hans mentally by saying that he might have the same beautiful ideas as his provided he takes more pains and work dedicatedly for other. He terms these ideas as theory and the practical of working for other is the practical for the same. He entice him by saying the more he takes pains the more he will be aware of these beautiful ideas. Potentially he convinces him that the more he serves for him the better it is.

When he sees the Little Hans lying in his bed in the broad daylight, he takes it as hindrance in execution of his all works carried out by the Little Hans. That is why he advises him to avoid being sluggish and idle and declares this as a great sin.

(b) Liberty does not descend upon a people; a people must raise themselves to it. It is a fruit that must be earned before it can be enjoyed.

Note: For reference to the Context, Please see “Pakistan and the Modern World” page Number: 31

Explanation:

He says that common perception of freedom is that when there is no foreign power ruling over the country; he country is said to be free and this phenomenon is called freedom. Whereas according to him, the same is idea an obsolete one and it is contradictory to the sole concept underlying freedom. He says that as long as the nation is found sinking in illiteracy and ignorance and away from education, it cannot be said free despite the nation is considered free in the international circle. It is something what which glitters but not gold.

“Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of its fortune.

(Plato)

The other important feature, according to Liaquat Ali Khan, if misses, deprives the nation of being free despite being called free. It is the incompletion and non-fulfilling of their desires, basic needs such as bread, shelter, protection, an honorable service and status and their little hopes. Without these the life of the common man and woman seems dull and empty and it cannot be assumed as a free life.

Altaf Hussain Hali has expressed the same idea in his couplets long ago as;

“Even God has not bettered the people;

Who don’t even think of changing themselves”

Q.3: Explain with reference to the context any One of the following 10

(a) A hundred times everyday I remind myself that my inner and outer life depend on the labour of other men living or dead. And that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving.

Note: For reference to the Context, Please see “The World as I see It” Page Number 37 and Passage Number:

Explanation:

In the above lines, the great thinker Albert Einstein expresses his views about the society and simple living. He says that in this world there are a number of a societies and every society is composed of a large number of people belonging to different social classes. He adds that one man irrespective of his class enjoys the benefits done for him by the other members of the society. The society works on the principle of give and take. Many benefits enjoyed by the society members are the efforts of other members of the society whether they are living or dead.

Considering the give and take principle, the author says that he always press himself that he is liable to return the society the same befits what he has been receiving. And the best way to this is to serve the society adequately.

(b) Liberty does not descend upon a people; a people must raise themselves to it. It is a fruit that must be earned before it can be enjoyed.

Note: For reference to the context, please see “Pakistan and the Modern World” Page Number: 31

Explanation:

He says that common perception of freedom is that when there is no foreign power ruling over the country; the country is said to be free and this phenomenon is called freedom. Whereas according to him, the same is idea an obsolete one and it is contradictory to the sole concept underlying freedom. He says that as long as the nation is found sunken in illiteracy and ignorance and away from education, it cannot be said free despite the nation is considered free in the international circle. It is something what which glitters but not gold.

“Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of is fortune.”

(Plato)

The other important feature, according to Liaquat Ali Khan, if misses, deprives the nation of being free despite being called free. It is the incompletion and non-fulfilling of their desires, basic needs such as bread, shelter, protection, an honorable service and status and their little hopes. Without these the life of the common man and woman seems dull and empty and it cannot be assumed as a free life.

Altaf Hussain Hali has expressed the same idea in his couplets long ago as;

“Even God has not bettered the people;

Who don’t even think of changing themselves”

Science 2006

Q.4: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following: 10

(a) Europeans, with unpardonable insularity call this period “The Dark Ages”, but it was only in Europe that it was dark – indeed only in Christian Europe, for Spain, which was Muhammdan, had a brilliant culture.

Note: For reference to the context, Please see “Reflections on the Reawakening East” Page Number: 27

Explanation:

In those days, Christian Church had a deep influence over the people and its decision was ultimate. The abbots of the churches had the dual responsibility to educate and literate the masses. The barbarians killed almost all the abbots and thus spreading of knowledge and education stopped. Due to the massive killings of the abbots and further grooming of new ones to replace them. Europeans term the period as “The Dark Ages”. And they look justified in their statement.

But the author, Bertrand Russell, who himself was a European, totally rejects the idea and treats it as not more than a lame excuse. He says that if it were a period of darkness, there should have been darkness in the world not in Europe only. All over the world, in those areas, which were either in the control of the Muslims or the other Eastern nations, no such darkness existed there. Particularly in those parts of the Europe, which were under the missionary rules, were dark whereas the rest of the parts like Spain had a brilliant culture at the same time.

The author fully condemns calling the period as “The Dark Ages” and terms it as an unpardonable insularity of the Europeans.

(b) How lucky you mentioned it! It is quite remarkable that who one good action always breeds another one.

REFERENCE:

The above lines are an extract from a story of one-sided friendship called “The Devoted Friend” written by Oscar Wilde. It is about the rich Millar and the poor gardener, the little Hans.

CONTEXT:

The Devoted Friend is a satire on the one-sided friendship existed between the rich Miller and the simple and trusty the Little Hans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrwed. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feinged friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friend and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marks by him, the Miller.

Explanation:

The above extracted lines the speaker, Miller, who is an oily tongue, first offers the little Hans his wheel barrow, which was never seen and handed over to Hans. He keeps exploiting the little Hans about giving him the wheel barrow. When the Miller says that the wheel barrow needs a little repairs works as its one side is broken. Hans informs him that he can easily put it into repair as he a plank of wood. On hearing this, the Miller becomes alert as he was in need of a plank to repair a large in his barn roof.

So in order to get the plank, besides the primroses, he starts to black mail the little Hans emotionally. He says that goods actions never go in vain, they always reward in return and the process goes on goes on. In this way he, indirectly, asks to give him the plank for the wheelbarrow for which he has promised only verbally.

Commerce (Regular & Private) 2006

Q.5: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following: 10

(a) The sub continent was vast enough for two large countries; the Muslims were numerous enough to constitute a nation bigger than most nations in world.

Note: For reference to the context, please see “Pakistan and the Moder World” Page Number: 31

Explanation:

The prime minister of Pakistan and author of the lesson “Pakistan and the Modern World”, Liaquat Ali Khan Justifies the creation of Pakistan on various grounds. He says that the belief of the Muslims of having an independent Muslim state in the undivided India was an ever-justified demand. He says that the demand was not only true on humanity grounds but also a well-deserved demand on geographical and political footings.

The total population of the country was 400 million, out of which there were 100 million and the population ratio between the two peoples was three to one (3:1). The population of 100 million in comparison of 300 million could not be ignored. So, on human footings it was a justified demand. Geographically those areas, which are now the part of Pakistan and Bangladesh (former East Pakistan), were the areas located at the extreme ends of the country. That was why separation of those areas and merging into a single Muslim sate was true on geographical and political footings.

(b) Anybody can say charming thins and try to please and flatter, but a true friend always says unpleasant things and does not mind giving pains.

REFERENCE:

The above lines are an extract from a story of one-sided friendship called “The Devoted Friend” written by Oscar Wilde. It is about the rich Miller and the poor gardener, the little Hans.

CONTEXT:

The Devoted Friend is a satire on the one-sided friendship existed between the rich Miller and the simple and trusty the Little Hans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Explanation:

The above words are spoken by the rich Miller to his simple and trusting friend the Little Hans. The Miller is an exploiter and never does he miss any chance to salvage the Little Hans. He prepares Little Hans mentally by saying that he might have the same beautiful ideas as his provided he takes more pains and work dedicatedly for others. He terms these ideas as theory and the practical of working for others is the practical for the same. He entice him by saying the more he takes pains the more he will be aware of these beautiful ideas. Potentially he convinces him that the more he serves for him the better it is.

In the above lines, the Miller tries to impress upon the little Hans by making him believe that he is his true friend and always thinks for his betterment unlike other people who falter and use oily tongue at the time of their work. He says that a true friend always sees the welfare of the friend and he is straightforward in expressing his views. These views and suggestions may annoy the friend but they are in his better interest.

Humanities (Regular & Private) 2006

Q.6: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following: 10

(a) All the time I had one picture in mind, I swear to you that I did not see them before the smash. But I saw them afterwards.

Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, Please see “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” Page Number: 27 & Passage Number: 4

(b) I am strongly drawn to simple life and am often oppressed by the feeling that I am engrossing an unnecessary amount of the labour of my fellowmen.

Note: For reference to the context, Please see “The World as I See It” Page Number: 37 and Passage Number:

Science 2005

Q.7: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following:

(a) Being a backward people we had no industry, no engineers and practically no traders.

Note: For reference to the context, Please are “Pakistan and the Modern World” Page Number: 31

Explanation:

In the above passage, the author informs the Americans about the miserable plight of the nascent nation who lacked in a number of things which are essential for development of any nation. Despite they had insufficient resources yet their courage, strength and patience was matchless. They stood like a solid rock against heavy even and odds, which was a test to them.

The Muslims were treated, as an ignorant nation before partition and their economic position was even worse than any other race existed in the sub-continent. Most of the Muslims lived there below the poverty line and their standard of living was far different and inferior to rest of the nations lived there.

(b) Anybody can say charming things and try to please and flatter, but a true friend always say unpleasant things, and does not mind giving pains.

Reference:

The above lines are an extract from a story of one-sided friendship called “The Devoted Friend” written by Oscar Wilde. It is about the rich Miller and the poor gardener, the little Hans.

Context:

The Devoted Friend is a satire on the one-sided friendship existed between the rich miller and the simple and trusty and Little Hans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, he Miller.

Explanation:

The above words are spoken by the rich Miller to his simple and trusting friend the Little Hans. The Miller is an exploiter and never does he miss any chance to salvage the Little Hans. He prepares Little Hans mentally by saying that he might have the same beautiful ideas as his provided he takes more pains and work dedicatedly for others. He terms these ideas as theory and the practical of working for other is the practical for the same. He entice him by saying the more he takes pains the more he will be aware of these beautiful ideas. Potentially he convinces him that the more he serves for him the better it is.

In the above lines, the Miller tries to impress upon the little Hans by making him believe that he is his true friend and always thinks for his betterment unlike other people who falter and use oily tongue at the time of their work. He says that a true friend always sees the welfare of the friend and he is straightforward in expressing his views. These views and suggestions may annoy the friend but they are in his better interest.

Commerce (Regular & Private) 2005

Q.7: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following: 10

(a) Vengeance is not wickedness. It is not wicked to punish the evildoer.

Note: For reference to the context and explanation, please see “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” Page Number: 25

Explanation:

The ex army man, He, speaks the above lines in response to the remarks of the lady in which she terms his attitude as negative and wicked. Prior to this, they discus about chance meetings. She is in the view that chance and casual meetings never have any effect of the persons involved, as duration of the meetings is very short. On the other hand, he believes totally opposite of her views. In support of his view, he gives the example of his own, when he having lost everything meets with the Korean who looks to him as his dead daughter. The look of the Korean girl reminds him his daughter killed in a misfortunate incident.

Out of grief, he thinks of avenging the lady who has caused all this that his why he defends his idea of avenging the lady by saying that revenge is not something wicked. It is justified as it carries an element of punishment and it prevents reoccurrence of undesirable behaviour.

(b) If human life is to be tolerable, it cannot be wholly mechanized. It must continue to contain poetry and music and art and simple joys of life.

Note: For Reference o the context & explanation, Please see “Reflections on the Reawakening East” Page Number: 27 Passage Number: 3

Arts (Regular & Private) 2004

Q.9: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following 10

(a) My dear friend, me best friend, me best friend, you are welcome to all the flowers in my garden. I would much sooner have your wonderful opinion than my silver buttons.

Reference:

The above lines are an extract from a story of one-sided friendship called “The Devoted Friend” written by Oscar Wilde. It is about the rich Miller and the poor gardener, the little Hans.

Context:

The Devoted Friend is a satire on the one-sided friendship existed between the rich Miller and the simple and trusty the Little Hans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cuninnig and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by the queer philosophy on friends and friendships. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Explanation:

The above extracted lines the speaker, Miller, who is an oily tongue, first offers the little Hans his wheel barrow, which was never seen and handed over to Hans. He keeps exploiting the little Hans about giving him the wheel barrow. When the Miller says that the wheel barrow needs a little repairs works as its one side is broken. Hans informs him that he can easily put it into repairs as he has a plank of wood. On hearing this, the Miller becomes alert as he was in need of a plank to repair a large in his barn roof.

So in order to get the plank, besides the primroses, he starts to black mail the little Hans emotionally. He says that goods actions never go in vain, they always reward in return and the process goes on goes on. In this way he, indirectly, asks to give him the plank for the wheelbarrow for which he has promised only verbally. Further when the Miller asks for primroses and seeing Hans’ reluctance, he gets angry. Hans, who was anxious to get back his silver buttons, surrenders before Miller’s anger.

Science 2004

Q.10: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following 10

(a) Used to quick decisions, trained to immediate obedience, the officer bounded off the porch, and running at full tilt, soon passed the child bawling, “Go east”.

Note: For reference to the Context, Please see “The Day the Dam Broke” Page Number:

Explanation:

In the above lines, the author describes another scene, which added a lot to the confusion prevailed in the town. A little girl was rushing through a lane where a colonel was sitting drowsy. The girl was scared of the abnormal situation and running of people and was shouting for help and going east for safety. The colonel who first could not comprehend the situation but realized that girl was in trouble and in possible need of help.

He jumped off from his place, braced his mind at once and ran at full gallop to chase the girl. The overall scene for the other people was that a girl is running followed by a respectable army man / colonel. This scared the people out there and they blindly started running after them.

(b) The ideals, which have lighted me on my way and time and after time given new courage to face life cheerfully, have been Truth. Goodness, and Beauty. The ordinary objects of human endeavour – property, outward success, and luxury – have always seemed to me useless.

Note: For Reference to the Context and Explanation, Please see “The World as I see it”

Page Number: 33 & 26 titled as Passage Number: 1

Commerce (Regular & Private) 2004

Q.11: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following 10

(a) We believed then and believe now that the demand of the Muslims in British India to have a separate state of their own was both on human and geo-political ground a very reasonable demand.

Note: For reference to the Context, Please see “Pakistan and the Modern World” Page Number 31

Explanation:

The Prime Minister of Pakistan and author of the lesson “Pakistan and the Modern World”, Liaquat Ali Khan justifies the creation of Pakistan on various grounds. He says that the belief of the Muslims of having an independent Muslim state in the undivided India was an ever-justified demand. He says that the demand was not only true on humanity grounds but also a well-deserved demand on geographical and political footings.

The total population of the country was 400 million, out of which there were 10 million and the population ratio between the two peoples was there to one (3:1). The population of 100 million is comparison of 300 million could not be ignored. So, on human footings it was a justified demand. Geographically those areas, which are now the part of Pakistan and Bangalesh (former East Pakistan), were the areas located at the extreme ends of the country. That was why separation of those areas and merging into a single Muslim state was true on geographical and political footings.

(b) No, I beg form y death! Kill me! Blot out that picture that is always before my eyes and which I cannot endure.

Note: For reference to the context and explanation. Please see “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” Page Number: 25 & Passage Number: 4

Arts (Regular & Private) 2004

Q.12: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following: 10

(a) If you choose to get drunk and break the law afterwards you must take the consequences.

Reference:

The above words are the words of the Magistrate and have been Context:

In the drama The Silver Box, there are two families; one is a rich family whose head is Mr. Barthwick who is a member of parliament whereas the other is a poor family whose head is Mr. James Jones. He is a society – smitten man as he has been out of work for the last couple of months and no contribution is offered to him from any of his associates to help him to survive with his family comprising of his three children and a wife. He search for the job is on but for the survival of the family his wife, Jane Jones, takes the responsibility on her shoulders and starts to work a maid. She is employed at the House of the MP, Mr. Barthwich. The is the beginning of their bad luck, which lasts for the rest of their life.


Explanation:

In the above lines, the Magistrate takes Mr. Jones to task he has to be mentally prepared for all his deeds and mischief. He says that if there is no job opportunity, it doesn’t mean that he is allowed to whatever he likes and he does so he needs to be ready to bear the afterward effects.

He further says that the men like Mr. Jones are nuisances of the society and these sorts of people need to be punished so that the others may learn some lesson from them. He emphasizes on his acting and conducting wrongly and for the same he declares him to be punished for one month with hard labour.

(b) Your life touches another life for a minute, or for an hour, and then it swings apart. You go your way and I go mine.

Note: For reference to the Context and Explanation, please see “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” Page Number: 25 Passage Number: 1

Pre-Engineering 2003

Q.13: Explain with reference to the context anyone of the following 10

(a) The fairest thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the fundamental emotion, which stands at the cradle of true art and true science.

Note: For reference to the context and explanation, please see “The World as I See It” Page Number: 33 Passage Number: 4

(b) The next day, the city went about its business as if nothing had happened, but there was no joking.

Note: For reference to the Context, Please see “The Day the Dam Broke” Page Number: 37

Explanation:

The author in the story depicts a real incident of his childhood when the people of his town reacted insensibly on hearing an alarming rumour of the breaking of the Ohio River dam. The rumour brings a panic to the entire town and the normal living gets disturbed completely. The geographical location of the author’s city is such that its western side is adjacent to the Ohio River and is in deep sleep. The public common perception was that as the western side was in steep that was why it was totally unsafe being there. So they rushed towards the eastern side which being at the higher side could be a safer option. Their running in the form of streams, taking refuge at the higher places at the eastern side, shouting and, screaming was all, what which gave birth to a wild panic.

Panic is the stampede of our self possession.

The chaotic situation in the city lasted not more than two hours in all but it an entire disturbance in the normal city life and set a wave of turmoil for the city residents. But the next day proved to be a quite normal day and people got busy in their daily affairs quite normally. None was passing any remarks to others about the happenings of the day before, as almost everyone was involved in that foolish activity.

How much have cost the evils that never happened.

(Jefferson)

Pre-Medical / Commerce 2003

Q.14: Explain with reference to the context anyone of the following 10

(a) If the word is to be happy, energy and ingenuity must no longer be expanded in the exploitation of those who have less of these qualities.

Note: For reference to the context, Please see “Reflections on the Reawakening East” Page Number: 27

Explanation:

The author says that in the last four hundred years and more the west has dynamically progressed in every filed. Its progress is simply matchless and outstanding but there are a few factors, which tarnished this image and aggravated the peaceful condition of the world. This is love of power over other human beings and the same obsession has led the spread of energy and ingenuity in the world.

Those countries, which are rich in energy and power dominating tolls, have become a threat for those who lack in the same. The spread of energy and ingenuity has produced a sense of insecurity in the under developed countries and this leads them to run for latest weapons.

(b) War seems to me a mean, contemptible thing: I would rather be hacked in pieces than take part in such abdominal business.

Note: For reference to the context and explanation, please see “The world as I see it”. Page Number 33 Passage Number: 3

Humanities Group (Regular) 2003

Q.15: Explain with reference to the context anyone of the following 10

(a) Without the sense of fellowship with men of like mind, pre-occupation with the objective, the eternally unattainable in the field of art and scientific research, life would have been seemed to me empty.

Note: For reference to the context, Please see “The World as I See It” page number: 33

Explanation:

In the author Albert Einstein, coming into existence of the human is a sacred phenomenon and there is a common goal and objective behind the creation. But after the birth every man adopts some objective forgetting and even not realizing the common goal he is sent for. The author says that if someone’s objective is devoid of human and moral values and he has no regards for humanity, fellowship and gentility, he lives like an animal without any aim.

He further says that main essence of every aim is the keenness and objectivity and if there is nothing beyond range, and there exists no ideal no objective or aim can be set. So for setting an aim it is necessary that it should be beyond the range. For the author the ordinary objectives such as money, comfort and luxury are contemptible whereas the eternally unattainable things, which have been beyond the reach, are the focus of the author and without them he assumes life as dull and soulless.

(d) Idleness is a great sin; I certainly do not like any of my friends to be idle or sluggish. You must not mind my speaking quite plainly to you.

Reference:

The above lines are an extract from a story of one-sided friendship called “The Devoted Friend” written by Oscar Wilde. It is about the rich Miller and the poor gardener, the little Hans.

Context:

The Devoted Friend is a satire on the one-sided friendship existed between the rich Miller and the simple and trusty the Little Hans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Explanation:

The above words are spoken by the rich Miller to his simple and trusting friend the little Hans. The Miller is an exploiter and never does he miss any chance to salvage the little Hans. He prepares Little Hans mentally by saying that he might have the same beautiful ideas as his provided he takes more pains and work dedicatedly for others. He terms these ideas as theory and the practical of working for others is the practical for the same. He entice him by saying them more he takes pains the more he will be aware of these beautiful ideas. Potentially he convinces him that the more he serves for him the better it is.

When he sees the little Hans lying in his bed in the broad daylight, he takes it as hindrance in execution of his all works carried out by the Little Hans. That is why he advises him to avoid being sluggish and idle and declares these as a great sin.

Commerce & Arts Private 2003

Q.16: Explain with reference to the context anyone of the following 10

(a) My political idea is that of democracy. Let every man be respected as an individual and no man idolized.

Note: For reference to the context and explanation, Please see “The world as I see it” page number: 33

(b) Europeans with unpardonable insularity, call this period “The Dart Ages”, but it was only in Europe that it was dark indeed only in Christian Europe, for Spain, which was Muhammadan, had a brilliant culture.

Note: For reference to the context. Please see “Reflections on the Reawakening East” Page Number: 27

Explanation:

In the above extracted lines the author unveils the facts behind the concept of the time called “The Dark Ages”. He says that during
700 AD – 1400 AD the Christian Church had a deep influence over the people and its decision was ultimate. The abbots of the churches had the dual responsibility to educate and literate the masses. The barbarians killed almost all the abbots and thus spreading of knowledge and education stopped. Due to the massive killings of the abbots and further grooming of new ones to replace them, Europeans term the period as “The Dark Ages”. And they look justified in their statement.

But the author, Bettrand Russell, who himself was a European, totally rejects the idea and treats it as not more than a lam excuse. He says that if it were a period of darkness, there should have been darkness in the world not in Europe only. All over the world, in those areas, which were either in the control of the Muslims or the other Eastern nations, no such darkness existed there. Particularly in those parts of the Europe, which were under the missionary rules, were dark whereas the rest of the parts like Spain had a brilliant culture at the same time. The author fully condemns calling the period as “The Dark Ages” and terms it as an unpardonable insularity of the Europeans.

Pre-Engineering 2002

Q.17: Explain with reference to the context anyone of the following 10

(a) But somehow he was never able to look after his flowers at all; for his friend the Miller was always coming round and sending him off on long errands.


Reference:

The above lines are an extract from a story of one-sided friendship called “The Devoted Friend” written by Oscar Wilde. It is about the rich Miller and the poor gardener, the little Hans.

Context:

The Devoted Friend is a satire on the one-sided friendship existed between the rich Miller and the simple and trusty the Little Hans. The rich Miller like his name could mill the others in his floor mill. He was highly self-centered, cunning and shrewd. His each and every action proved that he was NOT the true friend of the little Hans except his oily tongue. It was his oily and sweet tongue, which always spoke kind words to Hans and kept spreading a net of feigned friendship around him. The Miller always exploited his true and innocent friend Hans who believed him to be the devoted of all and in no practically helped him.

The Miller’s concept and philosophy of friendship was very strange and curious. It was not based on equal and justified footing. He impressed simple Hans by his queer philosophy on friends and friendship. He tempted the Little Hans that he could have the same philosophy and perceptions provided he followed the path and the steps marked by him, the Miller.

Explanation:

In the above lines the author says that Miller’s inhuman attitude towards the little continues and never does he miss any chance to exploit the innocence and gentility of him. He always wants him to do something for him and never expects himself to do any work for the Little Hans. He gives him the temptation of giving of an old wheelbarrow to the Little Hans but he never abides by his promise.

He always hinders him during his working and never lets him working in his garden with concentration. Even days and weeks are passed and Hans remains unable to attend his garden and flowers only because lest his friend, the so-called Devoted Friend, should be angry with him.

A friend in need is a friend indeed

(b) Do you mean to kill that to kill you would be merciful, to allow you to live would be my true revenge?

Note: For reference to the Context and explanation, please see “Twenty Minutes with Mrs. Oakentubb” Page Number: 25

Explanation:

When the discussion goes on between them, he informs the lady that he aims at killing Mrs. Oakentubb soon. On her asking he conforms that this is an execution of justice for him and he wants it be done by the same night. This makes the lady extremely scared, as she is alone with him at a stormy night, with no one is the vicinity. A slight mistake from her could make her identity unveil to him. Now she has to play a double role. At one end she tries to hide herself and the same time she persuades him to make her leave the aim of punishing and taking avenge of the lady. She tries to cool down his temper whenever it shoots.

But when the man conforms that the lady is herself Mrs. Oakentubb and for her act of brulality he aims at killing her. She immediacy hatches a plan starts acting on it. She pretends herself a conscience-suffered lady and shows that the she is restless internally for her offence. She is able to convince escape for her. So he is trapped and he leaves her unpunished thinking her that it is more terrible for her to live with the sense of guilty.

Pre-Medical / Commerce 2002

Q.18: Explain with reference to the context anyone of the following 10

(a) Liberty does not descend upon a people; a people must raise themselves to it. It is a fruit that must be earned before it can be enjoyed.

Note: For reference to the context, please see “Pakistan and the Modern World” page Number: 31

Explanation:

He says that common perception of freedom is that when there is no foreign power ruling over the country; the country is said to free and this phenomenon is called freedom. Whereas according to him, the same is idea an obsolete one and it is contradictory to the sole concept underlying freedom. He says that as long as the nation is found sinking in illiteracy and ignorance and away from education, it cannot be said free despite the nation is considered free in the international circle. It is something what which glitters but not gold.

Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the roof of its fortune.

(Plato)

The other important feature, according to Liaquat Ali Khan, if misses, deprives the nation of being free despite being called free. It is the incompletion and non-fulfilling of their desires, basic needs such as bread, shelter, protection, an honorable service and status and their little hopes. Without these the life of the common man and woman seems dull and empty and it cannot be assumed as a free life.

Altaf Hussain Hali has expressed the same idea in his couplets long ago as;

Even God has not bettered the people;

Who don’t even think of changing themselves

(b) If you choose to get drunk and break the law afterwards you must take the consequences.

Reference:

The above words are the words of the Magistrate and have been spoken to Mr. Jones in Act III of the Silver Box by John Gals worthy.

Context:

In the drama The Silver Box, there are two families: one is a rich family whose head is Mr. Barthwick who is a member of parliament whereas the other is a poor family whose head is Mr. James Jones. He is a society – smitten man as he has been out of work for the last couple of months and no contribution is offered to him form any of his associates to help him to survive with his family comprising of his three children and a wife. He search for the job is on but for the survival of the family his wife, Jane Jones, takes the responsibility on her shoulders and starts to work a maid. She is employed at the House of the MP, Mr. Barthwich. This is the beginning of their bad luck, which lasts for the rest of their life.

Explanation:

In the above lines, the Magistrate takes Mr. Jones to task he has to be mentally prepared for all his deeds and mischief. He says that if there is no job opportunity, it doesn’t mean that he is allowed to whatever he likes and he does so he needs to be ready to bear the afterward effects.

He further says that the men like Mr. Jones are nuisance of the society and these sort of people need to be punished so that the others may learn some lesson from them. He emphasizes on his acting and conducting wrongly and for the same he declared him to be punished for one month with hard labour.

Humanities Group (Regular) 2002

Q.19: Explain with reference to the context any one of the following 10

(a) If human life is to be tolerable, it cannot be wholly mechanized. It must continue to contain poetry and music and art and simple joys of life.

Note: For reference to the context & explanation, please see “Reflection n the Reawakening East” page Number: 27 Passage Number: 3

(b) What are the demands that our freedom makes on us? Our first duty is to ourselves. I do not say that in spirit of selfishness or chauvinism … Can be enjoyed.

Note: For reference to the context. Please are “Pakistan and the Modern World” Page Number: 31

Explanation:

He says that common perception of freedom is that when there is no foreign power ruling over the country; the country is said to be free and this phenomenon is called freedom. Whereas according to him, the same is idea an obsolete one and it is contradictory to the sole concept underlying freedom. He says that as long as the nation is found sinking in illiteracy and ignorance and away from education, it cannot be said free despite the nation is considered free the international circle. It is something what which glitters but not gold.

Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of is fortune

(Plato)

The other important feature, according to Liaquat Ali Khan, if misses, deprives the nation of being free despite being called free. It is the incompletion and non-fulfilling of their desires, basic needs such as bread, shelter, protection, an honorable service and status and their little hopes, without these the life of the common man and woman seems dull and empty and it cannot be assumed as a free life.

Altaf Hussain Hali has expressed the same idea in his couplets long ago as:

“Even God has not bettered the people;

Who don’t even think of changing themselves”

He says that maintenance of freedom is not a bed of roses and it needs constant working and extra ordinary efforts and those who don’t come up with the mark cannot keep pace with the growing world and they not only become uncontrolled but also no more in the world.

TWENTY MINUTES WITH MRS. OAKENTUBB

REFERENCE TO THE CONTEXT:

The above passage has been extracted from the melo-drama, TWENTY MINUTES WITH MRS. OAKENTUBB composed by an eminent playwright. “Frank Arthur and has been spoken by -------------------------to-------------------

The effective little piece of melodrama contains two major and one minor character that are of He, She and porter respectively. The whole play is staged in a waiting room and moves round a fatal road accident, committed by She, Mrs. Oakentubb when she is intoxicated to win a bet of fast driving. That fatal accident brings about the untimely death of two innocent pedestrians, the wife and the daughter of the gentleman., “He” He considers the sentence given to Mrs. Oakentubb as contrary to justice on account of her heartless, plain and deliberate murder.

“Punishment should be appropriate to crime”

A nature demands justice in human affairs, he determines himself to take an avenge from the cruel lady.

Revenge is a kind of Wild Justice

(BACON)

He finds her at a railway junction in a waiting room. Having recognized her as Mrs. Oakentubb, “He” starts chatting with her, and in the end discloses that he has identified her, it is the zenith of suspense. In the end he kills her and she gets her punishment from which she has escaped earlier.

“No one can escape from the consequences of his deeds.”

Passage #1

Yes you and I … Mine.

Explanation

Soonafter entering the waiting room the ex-soldier identifies the lady sitting and waiting for the train going to Strainthrop, where she lives, lucky, he finds his prey in his net.

In fact a nametag hanging with the lady’s suite case helps him identifying her. The train being twenty minutes late he brakes the ice to pass the time pleasantly. Mrs. Okentubb gives her views on a brief and occasional meeting. She says that these meeting are ineffective and bring no effect life. In support of her views she gives various examples of such meetings at many spots but according to her no one remembers each other after getting apart.

Passage # 2

1. She did not say any thing …. and the courage to live.

2. Some times one of these …. alter your life.

Explanation

He totally disagrees to her views about accidental meetings and says casual meetings not only affect life but also have the capability of altering it. In support of his views he describes a personal incident happened in Korea during the war when he was lying on a stretcher in an extremely wounded condition and was praying for death. In fact the untimely death of his wife and daughter had removed the desire of being alive. Meanwhile a group of young Korea girls passed him. One of them came very near to him. Her long hair was hanging in front of her shoulders. She looked with sweet smile at him but spoke nothing to him. He also smiled back at her. The meeting was of a second or two. Soon she ran away to her company. He was sure that he would not meet her again but she gave away a purpose of life. Since that incident gave him a great courage and strength to live in order to fulfill a purpose to kill the driving lady, who had killed his wife and daughter. In fact he had found a portrait of her daughter on the face of the stranger girl. Now he wants to live for revenge upon the lady.

Passage # 3

1. You know the road …. Deliberate murder

2. I said they met …. they did not even see her

Explanation:

The cunning lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, during the indirect defense of herself, gives her personal opinion about the driving lady that she had not done the accident knowingly. Bu the ex-soldier forcibly calls it a murder. He says that the lady had been in a drunken state when she was driving her car. Besides she had kept a bet for some money. In order to save herself from collision against the lorry that had abrupty appeared from a street. She had to turn her car on the footpath killing the two innocent souls. She had to do so only to save her life. And thus it was nothing but a clear murder in his eyes.

So he aims at killing the driving lady in order to take revenge of his wife and daughter. As 18 months of jail from the court was not an enough punishment for the murder of the two innocent souls to him.

Passage #4

All the time …… as long as I live.

The cunning lady, Mrs. Oakentubb, finds herself in a extremely critical position when she realizes that He has identified her and will certainly kill her regarding the murder of his wife and daughter. She, at once, makes a plan of pretending herself as a conscience smitten lady who has been in extreme repentment since the day she committed the murder. She through her spotless piece of acting makes him believe that the awful scene of the accident never lets her live peacefully, gives her mental torture and keeps moving on the screen of her mind. She adds reality to her acting by weeping and crying and remains successful in making him feel that her being alive will be his true revenge than her being dead and thus he leaves her unpunished.

REFLECTIONS ON THE REAWAKENING EAST

REFERENCE TO CONTEXT:

These lines have been taken from the textual lesson “Reflections on the Reawakening East” written by “Bertrand Russell” an outstanding writer and thinker of his time. He raised his voice against tyranny of the European people with the people of South Asia and Africa. For technical aid to the people of poor countries he appealed to the western world so that they could solve their basic problems, poverty, illiteracy and disease. In the referred lesson the writer shows his sympathy with the people of Asia and advises them to adopt modern science and technology for the safety of their freedom and to the solution of growing problems. He also advises to promote their inherited culture and to keep themselves away from the worst type of the western culture. He admonishes the eastern people of the perils of communism and capitalism. He expects Asia where half of the population lives would play a peaceful role in the world politics.

Passage #1

The Supremacy of the … was mistaken

Explanation

The past of Asia has been glorious for the last thousand years there has been exchange of power between East and West. In the beginning of history, East was on power and the people were civilized, West was then going through Dark Age. The west came on power with the conquest of Alexander. The great East went towards downfall. The west upheld this supremacy for nearly eight centuries. During this glorious period the Empire of Rome expanded far and wide. The power and culture of the west rules the world. The Empire of Rome was destroyed by the Germans and thus, the west went into downfall. However, the Germans could not make their own position as the Rome had done. Again this power shifted back to East. During the garden era of the Muslim caliphate, Islam spread from East to West. At the same time, Chinese power and culture were developing during Tang Dynasty.

The west was than in the cave of darkness. The narrow minded Europeans call this period “The Dark Ages”. But it is not correct because the only Christian Europe was under darkness while Spain, a part of Europe, had bright culture during the period of Muslim power. There came once again a revolution in the world history. The western world came out the cave of darkness after finding the magical power of science and technology with the help of his modern science the western power spread all around the world in the guidance of Columbus and Vasco-de-Gama

Passage #2

1. There are some things ….. industrialism.

2. It is useless … independence

Explanation:

The above lines have been selected from that segment of the chapter where the author has discussed the part played by science and technology in the rapid progress of the nations of the world. At the same time he extremely opposes the unfail use of science and adulation and monopoly of mechanization in human society.

He admits the machine production, despite some bad features, has played a role of backbone in the development of the nations of the world. He cites the instance of the USA and Russia in the present day and the Great Britain in the early 19th century that completely based on machine production and a complete control over machine production played an integral par in maintaining their supremacy in the world. As negation towards machine production can seriously put the developing countries in trouble. So it is inevitable for developing countries to bring themselves at a sufficient level of science and technology otherwise they could face sever difficulties in upholding and preserving independence.

Passage #3

1. Modern … of the past.

2. If human … simple joys of life.

Explanation:

Russell admonishes the nations of the east against the harms and perils of misuse of science. Mechanization itself is not regrettable provided it is kept within reasonable limit and its sole purpose should be nothing except provoking and enhancing human happiness, minimizing their suffering and creating a sound atmosphere for living. Lord Russel devices a balanced and agreeable concept of life in this Machine Age. He strongly condemns the undue importance and usage of scientific invention that are likely to make life dull and colourless. He terms poetry, love, music and arts as the elements that bring a beam of pleasant sunshine in the gloomy and uneasy atmosphere created by machines.

Passage #4

The most ……………. of peace.

Explanation:

The above lines have been extracted form that segment of the chapter where the author Bernard Russell expresses his amalgamated feelings regarding the future role and tendency of the emerging and re-awakening nation of Asia.

He advises the rising nations of the world that their aspect of scientific technology must be sound and based upon true grounds. He suggests that advancement in scientific technology is inevitable to them if they aspire to enjoy a rightful place in the world. However they must not forget that their interest should be confirmed and limited under as reasonable limit for science and its negative use. He says that application of science is appreciable but when it is used in making devastating to everyone becomes worse for humanity.

He hopes that up coming countries of Asia whose influence will be effective for the world should abstain from the misuse of science technology.

Passage #5

1. Africans and Asians ……. these qualities.

2. Mankind must learn. …… never hitherto existed.

3. All this which might have ministered …… fault.

Explanation:

The author is the opening lines of this passage high lightness the aggressive and torturing attitude of the western people from what the eastern ones have been experiencing for a long time in different phases. The western people wrote new stories of tyranny exploitation and blood shedding in Asia and Africa. The Asians and Africans were never given an equal opportunity to compete in the modern world and they were fated to suffer from suppression in every walk of life.

The western people always had an upper hand in the field of science and technology in comparison with the Eastern people. The western people took the undue advantage of their supremacy in the field of science and turned it into ingenuity. Their lust of being in power and dominant the other human beings, have spoilt their status in the world politics and revealed clearly their negative thinking. The author advises the western, people that if they want the world be a peaceful place, they need to drop their negative thinking and give an appropriate place to the eastern people not only in the world but also in their hearts. They should have mutual respect, which has never existed.

PAKISTAN & THE MODERN WORLD

By: Liaquat Ali Khan

REFERENCE:

The above words are an extract from a speech made the first prime minister of Pakistan, Shaheed-e-Millat Liaqat Ali Khan during his visit to the Kansas City University, America he made the speech where he was invited by the university to receive in honoury degree for his nation to the cause of Freedom & Democracy. The subject mater of his speech was “Pakistan & the modern world”.

CONTEXT:

In this speech Liaquat Ali Khan made a definite attempt to make the Americans realize that the creation of Pakistan was inevitable and informed them the position & problems of Pakistan as a newly born democracy. He also high lightened the factors behind the creation of Pakistan.

The main object of his speech was to remove some serious misconceptions prevailing throughout the world especially Americans about the creation of Pakistan. He tried to make the American people realize the importance & stability of Pakistan in Asia & its significance in the politics of the region.

Passage #1

As the day ………………. Minority

Long experience ………. Master

But since ………………….eclipsed

EXPLANATION

The above words have been extracted from that part of the lesson where Liaaat Ali Khan has discussed the factors that were behind the creation of Pakistan & tried to minimize the prevailing misconception about the Pakistan Movement.

He said that both the Hindus & the Muslims had been living in the Sub-Continent for a long time and both under went the domination of the British. The two nations started joined efforts to do away with the British rule. But soon it became evident to the Muslims that the Hindu majority, after the departure of the British, wouldn’t them live freely and their culture, religion and identity as a separate nation would be stake. Liaqaut Ali Khan remained successful in justifying that demand of Pakistan was reasonable not only on human but also on geo political grounds. He threw light on the fact that in addition to religious differences, there were number of differences such as differences in culture, ideology of life, social system, economic system and so on that prompted the Muslims to ask for a country of their own.

The fear of the Muslims that Hindu majority would deprive them of their fundamental rights was true. They feared that they would have to live as an invariable minority without any hope, honour and future.

Passage #2

This intensity ……… still free.

EXPLANATION:

In theses lines given for contextual explanation Liaquat Ali Khan says that when Pakistan came into existence it was poor in almost all aspects and it had to tread on a critical path. There were a number of obstacles it had to face and solve. At the beginning, Pakistan was backwards economically, industrially and militarily; even the capital was not available. Pakistan had to accommodate a million homeless refuge driven out of India. Infrastructure of administrative machinery had to be built from scratch Learned men were needed to run the affairs of the government.

But highly spirited and determined Pakistanis stood like a rock and faced every critical situation of the first there years after independence. Despite being backward in almost every aspect, they didn’t lose patience and remained steadfast in their failures and ideas.

Passage #3

What are the demands …………. Ignorance.

EXPLANATION:

Addressing to the learned men at the Kansas University,

No comments:

Post a Comment